The Effects Of Homework On Teens Sleep Schedules, Stress...

Roberto Nevilis, a teacher in Venice, changed history when he created the first use of homework in 1095. Since then, students’ opinions of homework haven’t changed. Roberto Nevilis started homework as a way of punishing his students for not doing their work. Nowadays, homework is assigned to help students receive more practice for what they learned in school that day. Despite the good intentions that homework is supposed to provide, it actually proves more harm than good. In the twenty-first century, the increase of homework negatively affects American teens’ sleep schedules, stress levels, and after school opportunities. Parent involvement in homework can turn into parent interference. In 1984, a survey was conducted that reported twenty-five percent of seventeen year olds did less than an hour of homework each night. A decade later, a report from the National Center for Education Statistics, reviewing trends in data from the National Assessment of Educational Progress, found thirty-nine percent of seventeen year olds said they at least one hour of homework each day. Moving into the twenty-first century, the amount of homework has increased significantly. In 2011, a survey of 1,000 kindergarten through twelfth grade teachers found high school teachers on average assign about three and a half hours of homework each week. For high school students who typically have five classes with different teachers, that could mean as much as seventeen and a half hours each week.Show MoreRelatedEffects of Curfew4896 Words   |  20 PagesEffects of curfew on the behaviour of the high school students. SOP’s 1. Why do parents give curfew to their children? 2. How did the students handle their curfew? How did they react towards it? 3. Problem s encounter by the students on their curfew? Introduction Curfew a set time around which teen will have to schedule their activities. Generally, this curfew doesn’t change and helps your teen to understand boundaries. It does not have to be the same time on weeknights and weekends, butRead MoreThe Importance Of High School Sports1394 Words   |  6 PagesMany people say your high school or college years are the best years of your life. You can just go to class during the week and have fun with your friends on the weekends without having to worry about all the â€Å"real world† responsibilities. Many people also say that getting involved in school activities and participating in sports is what makes your high school journey worthwhile. Now, it’s expected that you’re going to forget how to graph a trigonometric function or what the foundations of AmericanRead MoreBenefits and Disadvantages of Being Part of a Team Sport1591 Words   |  7 Pagestheres always a replacement when someone is hurt or tired †¢ theres less pressure (people arent always looking at you) Friendship Playing sports enables you to create friendships you otherwise might not have formed. Sports bring teens together from different schools, backgrounds, and communities. Many times, the friendships you create on the field remain intact even when you are not playing sports. Starting a team is a great way to bring individuals together that share a common sporting interestRead MoreStress Related Literature and Study4240 Words   |  17 PagesLiterature The relationships among stress, self-esteem, and suicidal ideation in late adolescents were examined in a group of college students. Multiple regression analysis indicated that both stress and self-esteem were significantly related to suicidal ideation; low self-esteem and stressful life events significantly predicted suicidal ideation. The hypothesis that self-esteem would moderate the effects of life stressors on suicidal ideation was supported at the .06 level. A significant minority of theRead MoreOffice Administration Thesis11471 Words   |  46 Pagesthe respondents in terms of: 2.1 age; 2.2 gender; 2.3 course; 2.4 year level; and 2.5 general weighted average? 2. What is the level of performance of students enrolled in CWTS during 2010 – 2011? 3. How do the respondents perceive the factors related to the number of drop outs: 4.6 teacher’s methodologies; 4.7 attitude of students; and 4.8 schedule? 4. Is there a significant relationship between the profile of the respondents and their performanceRead MorePerceived Stress Levels and Stress Management Among Paramedical Students Lyceum of the Philippines University: Towards Stress Management Enhancement15005 Words   |  61 PagesPerceived Stress Levels and Stress Management Among Paramedical Students Lyceum of the Philippines University: Towards Stress Management Enhancement Maribel D. Mayuga-Barrion, DDM, MAT It is recognized that stress is a normally occurring part of life. Selye was the first to describe the term stress as a state produced within an organism subjected to a stimulus perceived as a threat (Selye, 1957). He spoke of stress as a condition that occurs commonly in response to any adaptive response withinRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pages2009040522 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 ISBN 10: 0-13-612100-4 ISBN 13: 978-0-13-612100-8 B R I E F TA B L E O F C O N T E N T S Preface xvii Introduction 1 PART I 1 2 3 PERSONAL SKILLS 44 Developing Self-Awareness 45 Managing Personal Stress 105 Solving Problems Analytically and Creatively 167 PART II 4 5 6 7 INTERPERSONAL SKILLS 232 233 Building Relationships by Communicating Supportively Gaining Power and Influence 279 Motivating Others 323 Managing Conflict 373 PARTRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesPolitics 411 Conflict and Negotiation 445 Foundations of Organization Structure 479 v vi BRIEF CONTENTS 4 The Organization System 16 Organizational Culture 511 17 Human Resource Policies and Practices 543 18 Organizational Change and Stress Management 577 Appendix A Research in Organizational Behavior Comprehensive Cases Indexes Glindex 637 663 616 623 Contents Preface xxii 1 1 Introduction What Is Organizational Behavior? 3 The Importance of InterpersonalRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 Pages9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Brief Contents PA RT 1 Chapter 1 Chapter 2 UNDERSTANDING HRM The Dynamic Environment of HRM 2 Fundamentals of Strategic HRM 28 PART 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 THE LEGAL AND ETHICAL CONTEXT OF HRM Equal Employment Opportunity 56 Employee Rights and Discipline 84 PART 3 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 STAFFING THE ORGANIZATION Human Resource Planning and Job Analysis 110 Recruiting 132 Foundations of Selection 154 PART 4 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT Read MoreFor Against by L.G. Alexander31987 Words   |  128 Pagesto ability, not according to age and experience 23 The tourist trade contributes absolutely nothing to increasing understanding between nations 24 Only a madman would choose to live in a large modern city So S2 v 25 26 Equality of opportunity in the twentieth century has not destroyed the class system No one wants to live to be a hundred 54 56 58 60 62 27 Capital punishment is the only way to deter criminals 28 The space race is the world s biggest money waster 29 Violence can

Social Discrimination, Identity, and Stereotyping

Social Discrimination, Identity, and Stereotyping Introduction The Problem with society is that we cannot accept that we are all different. Many people have seen others as different from themselves but feel that they are in the majority of people that are alike. This can be called social discrimination. Stereotypes are prevalent in society. Stereotypes are inevitable and unpreventable. As we accept that we are always under scrutiny in others eyes we begin to examine ourselves. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of stereotyping and discover how they lead to greater social identity. Once they learn their identity they find themselves stereotyping themselves and others. A stereotype is a†¦show more content†¦The presences of stereotypes are overwhelming and are developed by both the environment a subject is raised in and their family. Stereotypes, which are pervasive throughout different societies, become intertwined in the collective values of the society as justification for all forms of social, economic, and political inequality among groups (Devine and Elliot 2000;Kaplan 2004; Operario and Fiske 2004). As people become more exposed to stereotypes they start to become a permanent part of a person’s life, they begin to stereotype themselves almost always involuntarily. Now moving on to social identity, it is important because it is an ingredient for social discrimination. In order for people to discriminate they have to belong to a group. Social identity theory suggests that people remain loyal when they feel that their organizations have same values and appreciate them (Tyler, 1999, p. 235). However, social identity theory mai ntains that when people feel that their organization values and appreciates them, it is a sign of organizational respect for them or of their high status within the organization (Tyler). High status is likely to increase peoples organizational commitment because it enhances their social identity (Tyler). Therefore, social identity is reflected in peoples self-esteem (Chattopadhyay, 1999). Social Identity Theory has a considerable impact on social psychology. It is tested in a wide range ofShow MoreRelatedImplicit Personality Theory and Stereotypes1650 Words   |  7 PagesAccording to Baron, Byrne Suls in their book Attitudes: Evaluating the social world. (1989) they defined the term Social Psychology as â€Å"the scientific field that seeks to understand the nature and causes of individual behavior in social situations†. (p. 6). There are many concepts of social perception, two of these that will be looked at in this essay are Implicit Personality Theory and stereotypes. I mplicit personality theory describes the beliefs, biases and assumptions, that an individual usesRead MoreHow Is Discrimination Different from Prejudice and Stereotyping?629 Words   |  3 Pages |Definition | |Discrimination |The denial of opportunities and equal rights to individuals and groups because of prejudice | | |or for other arbitrary reasons | |Institutional discrimination |A denial of opportunities and equal rights to individuals or groups, resulting from the | Read MoreCase Study Hy Dairies, Ltd Essay811 Words   |  4 Pagescontrary expectation and totally different perception led her feeling that she had been sidelined purely because of her gender and race. As a result she was put into a difficult decision of whether to confront Gilman on the company’s perceived discrimination practices or to simply leave there. These symptoms suggest that something must have gone wrong in the case. 2. What are the root causes that led to these symptoms? Before answering this question let’s take a look at the different backgroundRead MorePrejudice, Stereotyping, and Discrimination Essay1414 Words   |  6 PagesMost people have experienced prejudice, stereotyping, or discrimination at some time in his or her life. There is no doubt social discrimination, prejudice, and hostility still create serious problems and challenges, even in today’s apparently more and more individualized and â€Å"enlightened† society. This paper will discuss prejudice, stereotypes, and discrimination in the context of social psychology; what the consequences of stereotyping and discrimination are; and strategies to improve attitudesRead MoreHy Diaries Inc899 Words   |  4 PagesCase study 3.1: HY DAIRIES, INC. 1. Apply your knowledge of stereotyping and social identity theory to explain what went wrong here. Stereotyping is the process of assigning traits to people on the basis of their membership in a social category. Stereotypes generally have some inaccuracies, some overestimation or underestimation of real differences, and some degree of accuracy. One problem with stereotyping is that stereotypes under certain conditions, such as the degree to which theyRead MoreHy Diaries Inc913 Words   |  4 PagesCase study 3.1: HY DAIRIES, INC. 1. Apply your knowledge of stereotyping and social identity theory to explain what went wrong here. Stereotyping is the process of assigning traits to people on the basis of their membership in a social category. Stereotypes generally have some inaccuracies, some overestimation or underestimation of real differences, and some degree of accuracy. One problem with stereotyping is that stereotypes under certain conditions, such as the degree to whichRead MoreEssay on Social Connotations of Name and Well Being1548 Words   |  7 PagesMajor social events can have an effect on how certain groups and assemblies of individuals are perceived. On September 11, 2001, nineteen hijackers associated with al-Qaeda brutally murdered hundreds of American citizens. The terrorists commandeered several aircraft carriers and set them on a crash course for various national landmarks. Since the events of September 11, 2001 many Non-European American citizens have been targets of discrimination, prejudice, hate crimes, racism, and stereotyping. AccordingRead MoreEquality and Diversity Essay1577 Words   |  7 Pagesworld, so we should respect each other’s differences and cooperate. 2. Describe the community you live in. Highlight some of the variations you may observe in terms of: Interests Beliefs Ages Lifestyles Personal, social and cultural identities. We live in mixed community. All people are different. On our street lives three black families, few retired couples, some of our neighbours have dogs and cats. Our closest neighbour is disabled lady. There is a Baptist church withinRead MoreDiscrimination : Discrimination And Discrimination947 Words   |  4 Pages Discrimination is an action or practice that excludes disadvantages or merely differentiates between individuals on the basis of some ascribed or perceived trait. Discrimination can be caused by stereotyping and prejudice. Stereotyping is a widely fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person. Prejudice is a preconceived opinion that is not based on a reason or an actual experience. Some groups that are more likely to be discriminated against are; women, ethnic minoritiesRead MoreHow Much Do We Know About Ourselves?1179 Words   |  5 Pages Central topics of research in social psychology is the nature of the self and how we think and feel about ourselves, (Baron, 18). These impacts have major influence with the internet and technology as well because the way we present to others is important as well. Sometimes we may not perceive ourselves as we perceive others. We may criticize others without even realizing we do the same thing as them. However, the terms s tereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination is often used in everyday conversations

Social Networking Good or Bad Free Essays

Gage Stielau Comp I December 7th, 2012 Social Networking: Good or Bad? Social Networking is any way of communication through the internet medium. It has many ups and downs and in todays society it seems almost mandatory to have one, but in reality it is always your choice whether to have one or not. In this paper I will discuss The positives and negatives of today’s most popular way of communication. We will write a custom essay sample on Social Networking: Good or Bad? or any similar topic only for you Order Now I will also be discussing my personal opinion towards Social Networking and give some advice for any riding the fence on whether or not to have one. Social Networking can have a very positive influence on society. Many people who lack adequate social skills use places like Facebook to make friends and socialize. Dating sites allow for people to meet and start healthy relationships with people who they share common interests. Many social networks allow estranged friends to reconnect after many years of being apart. Pretty much any social network can be free advertising for a company that creates a page. Creates opportunities for professionals to network and cooperated more efficiently. There are many more pros to social networking that are not even mentioned in this paper. Now on the other hand, there can also be many negatives to getting your own social networking page. Without proper knowledge of privacy settings, all of a person’s personal information can be known by anyone who is accepted as a friend on Facebook or follows you on Twitter. Anyone can be practically internet stalked by someone who has mediocre internet skills. People are also less caring about what they say due to a feeling of anonymousness. People also feel distanced from friends on Facebook so they think that there will be no repercussions for their internet activities. It also allows bullies to follow their targets no matter where they are in the world. The bully’s tools are now handheld in the forms of cell phones. Social networks also lead to less active lifestyles. Most people think if they can communicate with their friends from the comfort of their own homes, then what is the need to go outside? Also social media is a source of wasted time. This wasted time can lead to a lack of productivity in an office setting. Many colleges check to see your social networking history, so that means one wrong post can lead to a rejection letter from your top school choice. The negatives may outweigh the positives in many different aspects of social networking. In my opinion, social media is awesome is and has helped our society in a number of ways. But don’t get a social network because someone told you to, do it because you want to. Always make sure make smart choices on social media and practice safety my activating privacy features. So in conclusion, I feel that social networking has many ups and downs, but I feel the positives tower over the negativity. How to cite Social Networking: Good or Bad?, Papers

Problems encountered by irregular students free essay sample

Irregular students are those who have enrolled subjects that are different from regular students. They tend to have a different class schedule impaired to regular students. This could mean that they have to cope-up with the time and classmates they would encounter in every class which could give more peer pressure for them. It is not easy for irregular students to have a very complicated class schedule just to enroll subjects they need and to be with different type of people in every class.For some students, it would be difficult to approach new faces in every class and it would be tiring to have a busy class schedule with hardly any vacant time in between class period. Irregular students often encounter many problems on their academic subjects. The quality of problem can be labeled as severe to a simple type of problem encountered. Failing grades or being dropped in a particular subject can be considered to be a severe problem academically by an irregular student. We will write a custom essay sample on Problems encountered by irregular students or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Having a complicated or conflict class schedule can be considered as a simple problem encountered. This study deals with the problems encountered by irregular students on their academic subjects. This study is to be conducted based on the belief that there IS a need for both faculty members and irregular students to be aware of the problems and consequences encountered in their academic subjects. Statement of the Problem This study aimed to determine Problems Encountered by Irregular Students on their Academic Subjects.Specifically, this study aimed to answer the following questions. 1 . What are the problems encountered by the irregular students in their academic subjects? 2. What are the severe problems encountered by the irregular students in their academic subjects? 3. What are the simple problems encountered by the irregular students in their academic subjects? 4. Is there a significant difference in the quality of problems encountered by the irregular students in their academic subjects? Hypothesis 1 .There is no significant difference in the quality of problems encountered by the irregular students in their academic subjects. Significance of the Study This study would be beneficial to the following: First, the result of this study would be of great help to the JOYFUL-Memo Administration for it will provide data base in the information regarding on the problems encountered by the irregular students in their academic subjects. Second, the result would help the irregular students of JOYFUL-Mol by being aware and avoid the problems that will be encountered in their academic subjects.

Aspects Of Marriage Essay Research Paper Aspects free essay sample

Aspects Of Marriage Essay, Research Paper Aspects of Marriage The function of # 8220 ; supplier # 8221 ; has changed through out clip. Bernard quotes the 23rd Psalm along with Exodus 16:12-13. In relation to these Bible poetries Bernard says this, # 8220 ; In fact, in this function of good supplier, God is sometimes about synonymous with Providence. # 8221 ; She goes on to state that # 8220 ; the first great supplier for the human species was God, the Father, certainly the 2nd great supplier for the human species was Mother, the gatherer, plantation owner, and general factotum. # 8221 ; At this point in early history adult females had a immense function as the supplier. Harmonizing to Boulding ( 1976 ) , # 8220 ; In hunting and assemblage societies, males contribute to fifth part of the nutrient of the kin, females the other four-fifths. # 8221 ; Page 236 describes the virtuous adult females in the Old Testament. The adult female in this adage was the # 8220 ; really theoretical account of a good provider. # 8221 ; Women shortly lost the function of # 8220 ; good provider. We will write a custom essay sample on Aspects Of Marriage Essay Research Paper Aspects or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page # 8221 ; Page 237 provinces that # 8220 ; The good supplier as a specialised male function seems to hold arisen in the passage from subsistence to market particularly money economic systems accelerated with the Industrial Revolution. # 8221 ; The book states that the loss of the # 8220 ; good supplier # 8221 ; function for adult females has had negative effects. Bernard says that it placed adult females in a vulnerable place. Page 237 says this, # 8220 ; Because she was non reimbursed for her parts to the household in either merchandises or services, a married woman was stripped to a considerable extent of her entree to cash-mediated markets. By detering labour force engagement, it deprived many adult females, particularly flush 1s, of chances to accomplish strength and competency. Work force presuming the # 8220 ; good supplier # 8221 ; function has come with jobs. The book states that # 8220 ; some work forces resented the loads the function forced them to bear. # 8221 ; If a adult male was holding jobs carry throughing the function he would sometimes take it out on his household. Marriages suffered because of the defeat felt by both work forces and adult females. Harmonizing to the book some work forces did rather good with the function, but supplying work forces would concentrate O n small else. This would take to miss of familiarity in the matrimony. Later readings suggest that the household has suffered when the female parent re-enters the work force. Page 260 provinces, â€Å"The two occupation household is enduring from a speed-up of work and household life.† This page goes on to state that working female parents are the primary victims. Norman D. Glenn says that traditional households are in problem. He goes on to province, # 8220 ; If current divorce rates continue, approximately two out of three matrimonies that begin this twelvemonth will non last every bit long as both partners live. # 8221 ; Harmonizing to this reading, what Americans say does non reflect this. Glenn has found that studies taken in recent old ages, sing expressed attitudes towards the household, have remained consistent with those taken in 1971. It appears people are non cognizant of the jobs matrimonies and households face. Parenthood is a passage that unites or divides households. Jay Belsky and John Kelly province that, # 8220 ; Behind this common husband-wife perceptual spread lay some profound differences in biological science, upbringing, and possibly even evolutionary programming. # 8221 ; The book says that some adult females see a feeling of # 8220 ; love at first sight # 8221 ; with the baby. For work forces it can take hebdomads before a strong bond occurs. One of the grounds that marriages unite is because of a # 8220 ; common set of satisfaction s. # 8221 ; Harmonizing to the book, parentage leads to break self esteem in both work forces and adult females. Parenthood can besides take to a biological connexion in the matrimony ( p.293 ) . Children conveying out pride in parents. Penelope Leach infers that parents view kid development as a race. Leach states on page 297 that, # 8220 ; We behave as if the kid who walks earliest will run quickest, as if exceptionally early individual words predict meaningful subsequently sentences. # 8221 ; We are told on page 299 that, # 8220 ; A babe s public presentation today says really small that is utile about his likely public presentation next year. # 8221 ; Parents get their self-importance s involved, and this is sad for kids. It is difficult for childs to populate up to their parents outlooks, particularly when they are non grounded in world.

Harlem Renaissance and Josephine Baker essays

Harlem Renaissance and Josephine Baker essays What exactly was the Harlem Renaissance? If you analyze the word, Harlem was a black community of New York City, and a Renaissance is a rebirth. The Harlem Renaissance was the outstanding eruption and rebirth of creativity by African Americans in many different fields of art. Whether it be black poets, writers, artists, actors, dancers, or whatnot, they all flocked to northern cities, especially Harlem. In Harlem, which grew to be the largest black community in the United States, blacks did not face the horrible prejudices that hounded them in the outside world. They were freer to do what they wanted to, and the creative brains of several blacks rose to the surface to initiate the rebirth of all of the imaginative feelings that had been pushed back for so long. The Harlem Renaissance was supported and full of "New Negroes." The "New Negro" was the black of the future. Instead of the passive, "This is what God wanted us to be doing, to be second-class, lets just live with it," Old Negro way of thinking, the New Negro believed that they deserved equal treatment and were striving for the future. Josephine Baker was a New Negro, though not in the USA. She shined in France because American audiences would not accept her black elegance, believing such a thing could not exist. However, she would not just give up - she spread her talent overseas in Europe, and helped them understand how blacks were just as sophisticated as whites. In other words, she celebrated and took the Harlem Renaissance and its meaning to others around the world. During this time period and far afterwards, Josephine Baker earned a long list of achievements ranging from being the most photographed woman in the world at one point to being the first American woman to be buried with French military honors. Josephine's talents were broadcasted to the world in numerous forms: she starred in some movies, recorded a few records, danced on some of the most fam ...

The Immortal Life Of Henrietta Lacks Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Immortal Life Of Henrietta Lacks - Assignment Example Cancer is a combination of diseases with various possible causes. Cancer is caused by genetic factors, environmental exposures, lifestyle factors and a group of infections. The human genes of the predecessors can affect their descendants in a family lineage. Some people get the risk of being affected by cancer through inheriting from their parents, but not common. The human lifestyles such as the physical activities, diet or tobacco use can cause cancer (Skloot, 2010). Tobacco contains tar, which usually affects the lungs and the throat affecting their cells resulting in cancer. Other drugs such as cocaine and bhang affect the brain cells, which can cause brain cancer. Some diets contain harmful antibiotics that can interfere with the body. Alcohol consumption can also cause cancer. Much exposure to sun radiations or other harmful radiations from machines such as x-ray machine also increases the chances of being affected by skin cancer (Skloot, 2010). Water and air pollution and some medical treatments and tests can also cause cancer if they interfere with body cells. However, the affected different body cells can be extracted from human organs and preserved where some can live forever while others cannot. The living cell assists the doctors in doing research about curing the various types of cancers. Unawareness is the state of not being familiar with what has happened or been happening. It is a common thing that usually happens in people’s lives. The issue of unawareness can last for a long time in decades or centuries. Unawareness covers many fields involving human activities such as education, economy, business, health among others. Most people live without the consent of their body health.

Effective hiring and firing, attracting the best candidates, reducing Essay

Effective hiring and firing, attracting the best candidates, reducing staff turnover and improving employee performance are fundamental management functions - Essay Example For getting on to this track of success and achievement, it is significant to understand that having the most sought after employees and workers in the market is necessary since they will give the most productivity in the toughest times possible. In an office place, there are certain instances when it is best to choose different people for the various jobs that are assigned in the working environment. This holds true for the rationale that a single person cannot and will not be able to do his work as well as the additional burden that is thrust upon him with zeal and enthusiasm. Hence the need of the hour is to understand that employees and workers need a manager to comprehend their shortcomings in the field of work and thus be assigned tasks and responsibilities in line with the same. It has been seen that at times, the top line personnel present in offices delegate jobs and assignments to their sub-ordinates without even thinking that the same might not be the correct manner and mode of action as to go about carrying out the tasks and responsibilities. They think that delegation would prosper a sense of getting more work within the sub-ordinates who themselves are pretty much occupied with their already assigned tasks and jobs. This is hence not the correct manner in which things should be done and hence a need has to be chalked out to ramify the very same problem. The best possible diversity that could be made in this regard is to appoint top line managers who understand the psyche of the people working under him or her or on the same level as his so that he or she can get a grasp as to what employees usually are best suited at and what they do not prefer under certain strenuous conditions in the office place environment. As a consequence, being able to do more work is definitely considered a plus and an added advantage for an employee but this should not, under any level, exceed his or

Signal Space Cooperative Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Signal Space Cooperative Communication - Essay Example This is possible with the help of expanded constellation; also it enables the destination to combine the received signals in the broadcast phase and the relay phase. Later the performance of the SSC scheme is analysed and numerical results are obtained, with the help of that result two design criteria are derived so that it can achieve the maximum performance from the system. Spatial diversity techniques are used in order to increase system reliability; also it won’t affect the bandwidth or performance. We use cooperative diversity as alternative to achieve special diversity, where antenna diversity become impractical due to size and power limitation of mobile devices. The concept of cooperation among users to provide diversity was introduced by Sendonaris, and then Laneman (Motahari, Ahmadzadeh & Khandani) derived the formulation for cooperative diversity based on two cooperative schemes, namely Amplify and Forward (AF), and Decode and Forward (DF). Signal space diversity was introduced by Belfiore and Boulle (Motahari, Ahmadzadeh & Khandani), which is achieved with the modulation signal space. Here we spread information carried by each signal point across all components of that particular signal point. And then send each component through an independent channel. The performance of the cooperative schemes, which uses the signal space diversity, is affected by the performance of the source-relay channel. Meanwhile, a method called Signal Space Cooperative (SSC) scheme has been proposed to overcome this problem however, which is not easy to scale larger constellations. And also here we take an assumption, that the destination is aware of whether the relay participates in the cooperative scheme or not. Signal Space Cooperative Scheme SSC scheme is the major proposal by this paper. To demonstrate SSC scheme, first we have to see the Constellation Expansion Algorithm that enables the relay to effectively cooperate during the course of transmission. Then, the broadcast phase and the relay phase signals are described followed by a discussion on how the destination decodes received signals. Constellation Expansion In order to achieve maximum diversity gain, any two signal points in the system constellation must have the maximum number of distinct components. Let us consider

Communication With Colleagues At Work English Language Essay

Communication With Colleagues At Work English Language Essay Every day at work we have to communicate with colleagues.  Well, if people are nice, then communication has friendly character.  Unfortunately, this it is not always true.  Sometimes, one man can create tensions to the whole team, not only spoil the mood, but also to bring up such unpleasant consequences, such as dismissal.  But such people are sometimes enough to learn to communicate properly, and most of the problems will disappear by themselves. The first unpleasant character is a gossip.  As a rule, these people exude friendliness that initially influences positioning.  But if you submit to this provocation, and tell us about something personal, no later than tomorrow, all your secrets will become public.  A friend shared with colleagues his dream: I want to accumulate some money and buy a car.  Two days later, when the entire department received bonuses, his bonus was much smaller than the amount of the rest.  On the timid questions addressed to the magistrate: Why it happened there wasnt any criticism of my work? Boss was hinted that this employee has a lot of money; because he is going to buy a car.  So, before you speak frankly with the person, look at this issue more closely. Another very unpleasant type of people are brawlers.  They cannot live peacefully, so as constantly need some enemy, even if it is fictional.  Such people are poisoned by the existence of relatives at home and at work colleagues.  A quarrel or explanation of the relationship is not needed.  It is enough to have one hint, even a look and youre waiting for the next flash of anger.  Talking to such people is useless.  The best way is to ignore them completely, but not for the effect, otherwise it will be another cause for scandal.  If suddenly there appears a brawler and has attention on you, at the outset of the conflict it would be better to pretend that suddenly remembered a very important matter, apologize and leave. Returning 15 minutes later, youll probably see that the brawler is calm and even forgot that he wanted to clarify relations with you.  If this method fails, you can try to show such a colleague involved.  Usually, its discouraging such people, and they once and for all leave you alone, as they used to feel like winners, and the role of victim does not suit them. According to Peter Clarke (2005), the main purpose of communication between people is to reach mutual understanding. But its not easy to do.  Why do some people with us communicate easily, and others difficult?  Why with someone we get along, but with someone all the time we quarrel?  Clearly, much easier is to establish relationships with the person with whom there is so-called common ground.   In the art of communication, it is very important to be able to listen and understand someone with whom you speak.  Explaining the people of your intentions and ideas from which you start at the same time, you will be able to prevent many misunderstandings, quarrels and conflicts.  Honesty in a conversation with someone it is often the only way out of conflict.  But the truth must speak out not to humiliate the interlocutor, but rather to elevate his own in his own eyes and to clarify your position. What hinders and what facilitates communication?  Causes of misunderstanding between people can be different: political, religious beliefs, worldview, and psychological characteristics.  However, the main reason lies in the inability to hear each other.  The most important part of communication is listening skills.  If a person listens attentively to his companion, then he is brought up, delves into the problem of the speaker and the like help him properly formulate their t houghts.  Communication is a complex process; it is influenced by various factors: mood; set of circumstances; the nature of man; his sociability; conversely; shyness.  Depending on the type of communication, formal or informal, it is necessary to choose the right demeanor, tone, gestures, words and expressions. According to Carole Hodges (2009), informal communication is communication at home, with parents and friends, formal at work, while studying, with unfamiliar people.  In conversation, we often assume what interferes with understanding.  This is the usage of offensive words and phrases, offensive nicknames, unnecessary cuts.  Attention signs facilitate interpersonal relationships and can soothe and have a lasting impact.  Hello, thank you, please, sorry    these are the simple words have power over our moods.  It is important that they are always present in communication between people at work, in public places. So what is the culture of communication?  If a person is competent to express his thoughts, then he is able to behave with respect for the other party, we say that this man owns a culture of communication. There are rules, implementation of which helps to establish good relations with people: Communication on equal terms, without being coarse and subservience. Respect for the personal opinion of the interlocutor; Lack of desire to find out who is right and who is to blame; Community-level requests, not orders; Search for compromise solutions; The ability to appreciate the decision of another; Ability to accept the experience of others. If a person does not know how to join in the conversation, you should choose any interesting topic for conversation and the time when the person to whom addressed, not occupied any work.  Always remember that the other person is not like you, and we must be able to see things through his eyes, especially in conflict situations.  Respect for the individual is impossible without respect for his point of view, even if it does not converge with yours.  Cultivation ones respect for the people can only be if you learn to see each person individually, that is, those traits that are unique to him. According to Harriet Meyerson (2005), each of us is worthy of respect.  Respecting the other, you respect yourself. Psychologists give good advice, which is: do not forget about the interests of your contact.  Your lively and sincere interest in doing what he is interested in, because he will have animation and enthusiasm. There are some important rules of open and honest conversation with inconvenient companion to be aware of both adults and adolescents: use the word I.  Since the phrase with the words: From my point of view or The way I see it , you are relaxed in conversation and show the other party that there was only my point of view, no claim to ultimate truth.  Thus you will recognize the right to have your own opinion.  Surely, you will listen to people a lot calmer and more attentively. Also, trying to show the other person that his conduct is in the first place. In order to create conditions under which an adult would want to change your behavior, you must try to explain how much they lose in life because of his own behavior. There is a possibility also to ask the other person to change behavior.  It can be explained to him exactly what he can do in this situation in order to fix it.  It is possible that, because you do not want to offend him, it will be quite difficult to tell hi m the truth.  But remember: silent, you can cause him harm. Of course, someone can say that such way of building relationships is too long, but it takes much less time, energy and emotions than the communication of action-reaction, because such talk does not give any result.  Most often, honesty is the best policy in dealing with people.  Its amazing how often we are beginning to communicate with the cunning strategies and tactics while forgetting to try at first just to speak openly.  Honest dialogue is the most effective, simple and reliable means for turning conflict into cooperation. Now I would like to elaborate on the concept of informal communication. Each of us has his own experience of friendship at work.  Although the prospects for such relationships many consider skeptical.  And no wonder!  Informal communication between colleagues suggests a greater openness, the ability to strike a balance between personal and work, the adoption of the inevitable differences in the credentials and prospects (the difference in salary levels of access to information, the rate to move up the career ladder).  Hard tests for the friendship What do you do?  Without claiming to be comprehensive, lets try to answer this eternal question. We must admit that informal communication is an important mechanism that contributes to the relationship between people in any group.  Formally, we will call the communication that takes place in accordance with rules, regulations and instructions, existing in your organization or its subdivision and subject to address the specific challenges facing you. Informal communication this is your kind of relationship with another person, based on mutual acceptance of personal qualities and virtues, which implies a certain level of understanding, harmony, psychological closeness.  It is in these respects satisfies the need for self-realization within the framework of this work, respect and acceptance. According to Stephen Rampur (2010), informal relationships exist on two levels of psychological closeness: the primary and rational. Primary level represents already the impression with the first contact (long acquaintance is not required, a feeling that you know a person a hundred years).  It is characterized by high spontaneity of emotional perception, unawareness and little amenable to volitional regulation.  Rational level is based on an understanding of the similarities attitudes, values, norms and life experiences.  It occurs at a certain stage of relations with the man, understood and controlled by us. It is believed, that a relationships based on shared values and interests are more stable at work rather than relationships based on likes and dislikes.  If you look closely at your existing team of informal relations, they are likely to be secured in one of five forms of interaction: Couple represents the two people that are mutually sympathetic to each other.  Often, one of them is a supplement or companion of another. Triangle shows three people sympathizing with each other, and make up his small, yet very close core group. Square can be formed as a collection of pairs, the relationship between them does not necessarily have the same intensity. Chain is a linear relationship between several people, which under certain conditions can become a source of rumors. Star is based on one leader opinion, to whom are approached several members of the team. Each of these forms of informal communication in one way or another arises in any workplace with a specific purpose namely, the best adaptation to its internal rules and laws of existence. According to Jeanne Segal (2007), in every company, as in any formal group, there are informal relations, which largely determine the climate and the internal atmosphere in the team. Thus, friendships at work and at its end, cooperation and mutual help shape a healthy psychological climate in the company and provide a basis for the development of each member organization and collective as a whole. Psychologists believe that friendship is very good for business if the business grows out of shared interests.  There is no matter how closely you communicate with people on a personal level, formal relations are sensitive, which cannot be discounted.  There is always a risk that one of the friends will show himself as a traitor.  Elucidation of relationships, mutual resentment and claims become the property of the whole team. As a result, suffers a general matter, and friendship.  But the forecast could be optimistic, if a working friendship follows the main rule to clearly separate personal and business interests. That is why, if you are not sure whether that will be able to muster the necessary tact, and comply with the above restrictions, it is better not to take risks and work with friends  in different companies. Taking into consideration mentioned above, I would like to make a conclusion. To be in harmony with yourself and the people around you, you need to create an atmosphere of mutual understanding at work, to build up contacts. Often we get tired, cant avoid conflict situations.  Everybody has many reasons to spoil relations with colleagues. We cannot avoid difficulties at work, because difficult, controversial issues will always exist.  But we can learn the ability to keep ourselves in hand, to live in harmony with people close to us. What is the basis of art communication and what methods to use? First of all, try to relate friendly to everybody; try to create an atmosphere of comfort among friends and colleagues. Do not transfer your home problems to your colleagues.  If you feel stress, or fatigue, use relaxation techniques. Endurance helps to behave you correctly in a conflict situation.  In general, avoid emotional showdown, do not engage in protracted disputes.  But if a conflict occurs, try not to develop it calmly and analyze what can be done to normalize the situation.  Be prepared to compromise for the sake of good relations. In communicating with colleagues, try to be genuinely interested in their affairs, to help when needed.  Listen more than talk.  Limit the desire to condemn anyone who made a mistake.  If you have to solve a complex issue in the service or at home, do not transfer responsibility to others, to develop the habit of self-confident action. Continuing to study the literature on how to work on them, improve their psychological stability.  Perhaps this knowledge will help you choose the right course of action, and will contribute to a pleasant chat with colleagues.

The White Man’s Burden :: Literary Analysis, Kipling

In the â€Å"White Man’s Burden†, Rudyard Kipling claims that it is the duty or burden of the white men to civilize the non-whites, to educate them and to religiously lift them (lecture notes, 2/8). Kipling is specifically talking about the colonized non-whites (lecture notes, 2/8). The idea that the newly colonized non-whites were lacking and needing help from a greater society was common among American whites at this time (lecture notes, 2/8). Rudyard uses the whites’ public feelings towards the issue and writes â€Å"The White Man’s Burden† in an attempt to move the whites to help the non-whites because he thinks it is a very beneficial movement for the U.S. Rudyard meant this poem to be a shocking and informative form of encouragement for the whites to take up the burden of saving the non-white civilizations that they have now signed up for responsibility over. In â€Å"The White Man’s Burden†, Rudyard claims that the whites are bound to help the non-whites out of religious duty and for the whites’ own good (Rudyard). In the last stanza, Rudyard also explains that the non-whites have been through a lot do to the whites’ imperialism (Rudyard). Although he explains the non-whites’ grievances, Rudyard does not really seem to be that sympathetic for the non-whites but instead, he seems to think very little of them and pretty much says they are incapable of taking care of themselves. At the time that Rudyard published â€Å"The White Man’s Burden†, whites were already conflicted on what to do about the non-whites (US, 437). Some whites claimed that there should be little to no intervention of the whites on the non-white societies because Charles Darwin’s theory of â€Å"survival of the fittest† is the way that things should be (US, 437). The whites who were for intervention argued that it was the humane and religious duty of whites to become involved (US, 437). They also exclaimed that it was better to help the non-white develop because of the need for trade (US, 437). Because there had already been such a debate between the whites over this issue, Rudyard’s poem gained attention quick (lecture notes, 2/8). Rudyard’s work gained attention of American leaders and became an inspiration for future actions of imperialism (lecture notes, 2/8). Rudyard’s poem seemed to have gained a lot of popularity because of his tone of nationalism. In the poem, he basically says that in order to be respected as one of the greater nations, America has to do some charity work and help some of the less fortunate (Rudyard).

A Dirty Job Chapter 26

26 ORPHEUS IN THE STORM SEWER Charlie parked the van sideways in the street and ran up the steps of the Buddhist center calling her name. The huge front door was hanging askew by one hinge, the glass broken, and every drawer and cabinet had been opened and the contents scattered, every piece of furniture overturned or broken. â€Å"Audrey!† He heard a voice to the front of the house and ran back out on the porch. â€Å"Audrey?† â€Å"Down here,† she called. â€Å"We're still under the porch.† Charlie ran down the steps and around to the side of the porch. He could see movement behind the lattice. He found a small gate and opened it. Inside, Audrey was crouched with a half-dozen other people and a whole crowd of the squirrel people. He scrambled into the crawl space and took her in his arms. Charlie had tried to keep her on the line during the drive over, but a few blocks away the battery in his phone had died, and he had tried, for those few terrifying moments, to imagine losing her – his future, his hope – after his hope had just been awakened again. He was so relieved he could barely breathe. â€Å"Are they gone?† Audrey asked. â€Å"Yes, I think so. I'm so glad you're all right.† Charlie led them out of the crawl space and back into the house, the squirrel people staying close to the walls and moving quickly so as not to be seen from the street. Charlie felt a tap on his shoulder and turned to see Irena Posokovanovich smiling at him. He jumped up a couple of steps and screamed. â€Å"Don't shock me again, I'm a good guy.† â€Å"I know that, Mr. Asher. I was wondering if you'd like me to park your van for you before it gets towed away.† â€Å"Oh yes, that would be nice.† He handed her the keys. â€Å"Thank you.† In the house, Audrey said, â€Å"She just wants to help.† â€Å"She's creepy,† Charlie said, but then he caught what he thought was a look of disapproval rising in Audrey's eyes and he quickly added, â€Å"In a completely sweet way, I mean.† They went directly to the kitchen and stood before the open pantry. â€Å"They got them all,† Audrey said. â€Å"That's why they didn't hurt us – they weren't interested in us.† Charlie was so angry he was having trouble thinking, but without an outlet, he just shook and tried to keep his voice under control. â€Å"They just did the same thing at my store. Something did.† â€Å"There must have been three hundred souls in here,† Audrey said. â€Å"They took Rachel's soul.† Audrey put her arm around his back, but he couldn't respond other than to walk out of the kitchen. â€Å"That's it, Audrey. I'm done.† â€Å"What do you mean, you're done, Charlie? You're scaring me.† â€Å"Ask your squirrel people where I can get into the storm sewer system. Can they tell you that?† â€Å"Probably. But you can't do that.† He wheeled on her and she jumped back. â€Å"I have to do that. Find out, Audrey. Everyone into my van. I want you at my building, where you'll be safe.† They were all gathered in Charlie's living room: Sophie, Audrey, Jane, Cassandra, Lily, Minty Fresh, the undead clients from the Buddhist center, the hellhounds, and fifty or so of the squirrel people. Lily, Jane, and Cassandra were standing on the couch to get away from the squirrel people, who were milling on and around the breakfast bar. â€Å"Nice outfits,† Lily said. â€Å"But ewww.† â€Å"Thank you,† Audrey said. Sophie was standing next to Audrey, looking her up and down as if trying to guess her weight. â€Å"I'm a Jewess,† Sophie said. â€Å"Are you a Jewess?† â€Å"No, I'm a Buddhist,† Audrey said. â€Å"Is that like a shiksa?† â€Å"Yes, I think it is,† said Audrey. â€Å"It's a type of shiksa.† â€Å"Oh, I guess that's okay, then. My puppies are shiksas, too. That's what Mrs. Ling calls them.† â€Å"They're very impressive puppies, too,† Audrey said. â€Å"They want to eat your little guys, but I won't let them, okay?† â€Å"Thank you. That would be nice.† â€Å"Unless you're mean to my daddy. Then they're toast.† â€Å"Of course,† Audrey said. â€Å"Special circumstances.† â€Å"He likes you a lot.† â€Å"I'm glad. I like him a lot.† â€Å"I think you're probably okay.† â€Å"Well, right back at you,† Audrey said. She smiled at the little brunette with the heartbreaking blue eyes and the attitude, and it was all she could do not to scoop her up and hug the bejeezus out of her. Charlie jumped up on the couch next to Jane, Cassandra, and Lily, and then realized as he looked across the room at Minty Fresh that he still didn't stand taller than the Death Merchant, which was a little unnerving. (Minty seemed focused on Lily, which was also a little unnerving.) â€Å"You guys, I'm going to go do something, and I might not come back. Jane, that letter I sent you has all the papers making you Sophie's legal guardian.† â€Å"I'm out of here,† Lily said. â€Å"No,† Charlie said, catching her by the arm. â€Å"I want you here, too. I'm leaving you the business, but with the understanding that a percentage of the profits go to Jane to help with Sophie and will also go into a college fund for her. I know you have your career as a chef, but I trust you and you're good at the business.† Lily looked like she wanted to say something sarcastic, but shrugged and said, â€Å"Sure. I can run your business and cook, too. You do your Death Merchant thing and raise a daughter.† â€Å"Thanks. Jane, you'll get the building, of course, but when Sophie grows up, if she wants to stay in the City, you always have to have an apartment for her.† Jane jumped off the couch. â€Å"Charlie, this is crap, I'm not letting you do anything – â€Å" â€Å"Please. Jane, I've got to go. This is all in writing, I just want you to hear what I wanted in person.† â€Å"Okay,† she said. Charlie hugged his sister, Cassandra, and Lily, then went to the bedroom and gestured for Minty Fresh to follow him. â€Å"Minty, I'm going into the Underworld after the Morrigan – after Rachel's soul, all the souls. It's time.† The big man nodded, gravely. â€Å"I'm right there with you.† â€Å"No, you're not. I need you to stay here and watch over Audrey and Sophie and the others. There are cops outside, but I think their disbelief might make them hesitate if the Morrigan come. You won't do that.† Minty shook his head. â€Å"What chance do you have down there alone? Let me come with you. We'll fight this thing together.† â€Å"I don't think so,† Charlie said. â€Å"I'm blessed or something. The prophecy says, ‘The Luminatus will rise and do battle with the Forces of Darkness in the City of Two Bridges.' It doesn't say, the Luminatus and his trusty sidekick, Minty Fresh.† â€Å"I am not a sidekick.† â€Å"That's what I'm saying,† said Charlie, who wasn't saying that at all. â€Å"I'm saying that I have some sort of protection, but you probably don't. And if I don't come back, you'll need to carry on as a Death Merchant in the City – maybe get the scales tipped back for our side.† Minty Fresh nodded, lowering his gaze to the floor. â€Å"You'll take my Desert Eagles, then, for luck?† He looked up and was grinning. â€Å"I'll take one of them,† Charlie said. Minty Fresh slipped out of his shoulder-holster rig and adjusted the straps until they fit Charlie, then helped him into the harness. â€Å"There are two extra clips in here, under your right arm,† Minty said. â€Å"I hope you don't have to fire it that many times down there or you will be one deaf motherfucker.† â€Å"Thanks,† Charlie said. Minty helped him get his tweed jacket on over the shoulder holster. â€Å"You know, you might be heavily armed, but you still look like an English professor – don't you have some clothes more appropriate for fighting?† â€Å"James Bond always wears a tux,† Charlie said. â€Å"Yeah, I understand the line between reality and fiction seems a little blurred here lately – â€Å" â€Å"I'm kidding,† Charlie said. â€Å"There are some motocross leathers and pads in the shop that will fit me if I can find them.† â€Å"Good.† Minty patted Charlie's shoulders, like he was trying to make them bigger. â€Å"You see that bitch with the poison claws, you light her up for me, okay?† â€Å"I'll buss a cap in da hoe's ass,† Charlie said. â€Å"Don't do that.† â€Å"Sorry.† The hardest part came a few minutes later. â€Å"Honey, Daddy has to go do something.† â€Å"Are you going to get Mommy?† Charlie was crouched in front of his daughter, and he nearly rolled over backward at the question. She hadn't mentioned her mommy a dozen times in the last two years. â€Å"Why would you say that, honey?† â€Å"I don't know. I was thinking about her.† â€Å"Well, you know that she loved you very much.† â€Å"Yeah.† â€Å"And you know that no matter what, I love you very much.† â€Å"Yeah, you said that yesterday.† â€Å"And I meant it yesterday. But this time, I really do have to go. I have to fight some bad guys, and I might not win.† Sophie's lower lip pushed out like a big wet shelf. Don't cry, don't cry, don't cry, don't cry, Charlie chanted in his head. I can't handle it if you cry. â€Å"Don't cry, honey. Everything will be okay.† â€Å"Nooooooooooo,† Sophie wailed. â€Å"I want to go with you. I want to go with you. Don't go, Daddy, I want to go with you.† Charlie held her and looked across the room to his sister, pleading. She came and took Sophie from his arms. â€Å"Noooooo. I want to go with you.† â€Å"You can't go with me, honey.† And Charlie ducked out of the apartment before his heart broke again. Audrey was waiting in the hall with fifty-three squirrel people. â€Å"I'm driving you to the entrance,† she said. â€Å"Don't argue.† â€Å"No,† Charlie said. â€Å"I'm not losing you after just finding you. You stay here.† â€Å"You creep! What gives you the right to be that way. I just found you, too.† â€Å"Yeah, but I'm not much of a find.† â€Å"You're an ass,† she said, and she walked into his arms and kissed him. After a long time, Charlie looked around. The squirrel people were all looking up at them. â€Å"What are they doing here?† â€Å"They're going with you.† â€Å"No. It's too risky.† â€Å"Then it's too risky for you, too. You don't even know what could be down there – this thing that broke into your store wasn't one of the Morrigan.† â€Å"I'm not going to be afraid, Audrey. There might be a hundred different demons, but The Book of the Dead is right, they are only keeping us from our path. I think these things exist for the same reason I was chosen to do this, because of fear. I was afraid to live, so I became Death. Their power is our fear of death. I'm not afraid. And I'm not taking the squirrel people.† â€Å"They know the way. And besides, they're fourteen inches tall, what do they have to live for?† â€Å"Hey,† said a Beefeater guard whose head was the skull of a bobcat. â€Å"Did he say something?† Charlie asked. â€Å"One of my experimental voice boxes.† â€Å"It's a little squeaky.† â€Å"Hey!† â€Å"Sorry, uh, Beef,† Charlie said. The creatures seemed resolute. â€Å"Onward, then!† Charlie ran down the hall so he wouldn't have to say good-bye again. Ten yards behind him marched a small army of nightmare creatures, put together from the parts of a hundred different animals. It just so happened that at the time they were reaching the staircase, Mrs. Ling came downstairs to see what all the commotion had been about, and the entire army stopped in the stairway and looked up at her. Mrs. Ling was, and had always been, a Buddhist, and so she was a firm believer in the concept of karma, and that those lessons you did not learn would continually be presented to you until you learned them, or your soul could never evolve to the next level. That afternoon, as the Forces of Light were about to engage the Forces of Darkness for dominion over the world, Mrs. Ling, staring into the blank eyes of the squirrel people, had her own epiphany, and she never again ate meat, of any kind. Her first act of atonement was an offering to those she felt she had wronged. â€Å"You want snack?† she said. But the squirrel people marched on. The Emperor saw the van pull up near the creek and a man in bright yellow motorcycle leathers climb out. The man reached back into the van and grabbed what looked like a shoulder holster with a sledgehammer in it, and slipped into the harness. If the context hadn't been so bizarre, the Emperor could have sworn it was his friend Charlie Asher, from the secondhand shop in North Beach, but Charlie? Here? With a gun? No. Lazarus, who was not so dependent on his eyes for recognition, barked a greeting. The man turned to them and waved. It was Charlie. He walked down to the creekbank across from them. â€Å"Your Majesty,† Charlie said. â€Å"You seem upset, Charlie. Is something wrong?† â€Å"No, no, I'm okay, I just had to take directions from a mute beaver in a fez to get here, it's unsettling.† â€Å"Well, I can see how it would be,† said the Emperor. â€Å"Nice ensemble, though, the leathers and the pistol. Not your usual sartorial splendor.† â€Å"Well, no. I'm on a bit of a mission. Going to go into that culvert, find my way into the Underworld, and do battle with the Forces of Darkness.† â€Å"Good for you. Good for you. Forces of Darkness seem to be on the rise in my city lately.† â€Å"You noticed, then?† The Emperor hung his head. â€Å"Yes, I'm afraid we've lost one of our troops to the fiends.† â€Å"Bummer?† â€Å"He went into a storm sewer days ago, and hasn't come out.† â€Å"I'm sorry, sir.† â€Å"Would you look for him, Charlie? Please. Bring him out.† â€Å"Your Majesty, I'm not sure that I'm coming back myself, but I promise, if I find him, I'll try to bring him out. Now if you'll excuse me, I'm going to open this van and I don't want you to be alarmed by what you see, but I want to get into the pipe while there's still some light from the grates. What you see coming out of the van – they're friends.† â€Å"Carry on,† said the Emperor. Charlie slid the door open and the squirrel people hopped, scampered, and scooted down the bank of the creek toward the culvert. Charlie reached into the van, took out his sword-cane and flashlight, and butt-bumped the door shut. Lazarus whimpered and looked at the Emperor as if someone who was able to talk should say something. â€Å"Good luck, then, valiant Charlie,† said the Emperor. â€Å"You go forth with all of us in your heart, and you in ours.† â€Å"You'll watch the van?† â€Å"Until the Golden Gate crumbles to dust, my friend,† said the Emperor. And so Charlie Asher, in the service of life and light and all sentient beings, and in hope of rescuing the soul of the love of his life, led an army of fourteen-inch-tall bundles of animal bits, armed with everything from knitting needles to a spork, into the storm sewers of San Francisco. They slogged on for hours – sometimes the pipes became narrow enough that Charlie had to crawl on his hands and knees, other times they opened into wide junctions like concrete rooms. He helped the squirrel people climb to higher pipes. He'd found a lightweight construction helmet fitted with an LED headlamp, which came in handy in narrow passages where he couldn't aim the flashlight. He was also bumping his head about ten times an hour, and although the helmet protected him from injury, he'd developed a throbbing headache. His leathers – not really leathers, but more heavy nylon with Lexan pads at the knees, shoulders, elbows, shins, and forearms – were protecting him from bumps and abrasions on the pipes, but they were soaked and rubbing him raw at the backs of his knees. At an open junction with a grate at the top he climbed the ladder and tried to get a look at the neighborhood to perhaps get a sense of where they were, but it had gotten dark out since they s tarted and the grate was under a parked car. What irony, that he would finally summon his courage and charge into the breach, only to end up lost and stuck in the breach. A human misfire. â€Å"Where the hell are we?† he said. â€Å"No idea,† said the bobcat guy, the one who could talk. The little Beefeater was disturbing to watch when he spoke, since he really didn't have a face, only a skull, and he spoke without ever making the P sound. Also, instead of a halberd, which Charlie thought should have come with the costume for authenticity, the bobcat had armed himself with a spork. â€Å"Can you ask the others if they know where we are?† â€Å"Okay.† He turned to the damp gallery of squirrel people. â€Å"Hey, anybody know where we are?† They all shook their heads, looking from one to another, shrugging. Nope. â€Å"No,† said the bobcat. â€Å"Well, I could have done that,† Charlie said. â€Å"Why don't you? It's your _arty,† he said. Charlie realized he meant â€Å"party.† â€Å"Why no Ps?† Charlie asked. â€Å"No li_s.† â€Å"Right, lips. Sorry. What are you going to do with that spork?† â€Å"Well, when we find some bad guys, I'm going to s_ork the fuck out of them.† â€Å"Excellent. You're my lieutenant.† â€Å"Because of the s_ork?† â€Å"No, because you can talk. What's your name?† â€Å"Bob.† â€Å"No really.† â€Å"Really. It's Bob.† â€Å"So I suppose your last name is Cat.† â€Å"Wilson.† â€Å"Just checking. Sorry.† â€Å"‘S okay.† â€Å"Do you remember who you were in your last life?† â€Å"I remember a little. I think I was an accountant.† â€Å"So, no military experience?† â€Å"You need some bodies counted, I'm your man, er, thing.† â€Å"Swell. Does anyone here remember if they used to be a soldier, or a ninja or anything? Extra credit for ninjas or a Viking or something. Weren't any of you like Attila the Hun or Captain Horatio Hornblower in a former life or something?† A ferret in a sequined minidress and go-go boots came forward, paw raised. â€Å"You were a naval commander?† The ferret appeared to whisper into Bob's hat (since Bob no longer had ears). â€Å"She says no, she misunderstood, she thought you meant horn blower.† â€Å"She was a prostitute?† â€Å"Cornet _layer,† said Bob. â€Å"Sorry,† Charlie said. â€Å"It's the boots.† The ferret waved him off in a â€Å"no worries† way, then leaned over and whispered to Bob again. â€Å"What?† Charlie said. â€Å"Nothing,† Bob said. â€Å"Not nothing. I didn't think they could talk.† â€Å"Well, not to you,† said Bob. â€Å"What did she say?† â€Å"She said we're fucked.† â€Å"Well, that's not a very good attitude,† Charlie said, but he was starting to believe the go-go ferret was right, and he leaned back into a semisitting position in the pipe to rest. Bob climbed up to a smaller pipe and sat on the edge, his feet dangling over; water dripped from his little patent-leather shoes, but the floral pattern brass buckles still shone in the light of Charlie's headlamp. â€Å"Nice shoes,† Charlie said. â€Å"Yeah, well, Audrey digs me,† said Bob. Before Charlie could answer, the dog had grabbed Bob from behind and was shaking him like a rag doll. His mighty spork clattered off the pipe and was lost in the water below.

Table of Densities of Common Substances

Table of Densities of Common Substances Heres a table of densities of common substances, including several gases, liquids, and solids. Density is a measure of the amount of mass contained in a unit of volume. The general trend is that most gases are less dense than liquids, which are in turn less dense than solids, but there are numerous exceptions. For this reason, the table lists density from lowest to highest and includes the state of matter. Note that the density of pure water is defined to be 1 gram per cubic centimeter (or, g/ml). Unlike most substances, water is denser as a liquid than as a solid. A consequence is that ice floats on water. Also, pure water is less dense than seawater, so fresh water can float on top of salt water, mixing at the interface. The Factors That Affect Density Density depends on temperature and pressure. For solids, its also affected by the way atoms and molecules stack together. A pure substance can take many forms, which dont have the same properties. For example, carbon can take the form of graphite or diamond. Both are chemically identical, but they do not share an identical density value. To convert these density values into kilograms per cubic meter, multiply any of the numbers by 1000. Densities of Common Substances Material Density (g/cm3) State of Matter hydrogen (at STP) 0.00009 gas helium (at STP) 0.000178 gas carbon monoxide (at STP) 0.00125 gas nitrogen (at STP) 0.001251 gas air (at STP) 0.001293 gas carbon dioxide (at STP) 0.001977 gas lithium 0.534 solid ethanol (grain alcohol) 0.810 liquid benzene 0.900 liquid ice 0.920 solid water at 20Â °C 0.998 liquid water at 4Â °C 1.000 liquid seawater 1.03 liquid milk 1.03 liquid coal 1.1-1.4 solid blood 1.600 liquid magnesium 1.7 solid granite 2.6-2.7 solid aluminum 2.7 solid steel 7.8 solid iron 7.8 solid copper 8.3-9.0 solid lead 11.3 solid mercury 13.6 liquid uranium 18.7 solid gold 19.3 solid platinum 21.4 solid osmium 22.6 solid iridium 22.6 solid white dwarf star 107 solid

Abortion and the Aspects of Pro

Abortion and the Aspects of Pro The whole topic of abortion is a very complex issue that has continued to attract a lot of attention in today’s modern society. This can be explained from both perspectives where there are certain people who are opposed to abortion while there are others who are pro-abortion. As a matter of fact, different societies have their own approach to the whole issue of abortion (McMahan 12).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Abortion and the Aspects of Pro-abortion specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is because abortion relates to life and that is why different stakeholders have been dragged in this issue. In this case, we are supposed to evaluate and look at abortion critically for long term sustainability in our society. This paper will therefore try to analyze the whole aspect of pro-abortion. In this case, there are people who are pro-abortion and they should be understood because they are right in their own makin g and understanding. As a matter of fact, abortion is prolife in a broad way and people should not demonize others because they are pro-abortion (Singer 32). Abortion revolves around reproduction and this is a personal issue that should not be interfered with by anybody. We all agree that women have a choice as per to when they should have children and this means that we are supposed to respect this fact. There has been an argument that abortion is the same as murder but this has been done while ignoring other realities that we are supposed to understand. It can not occur that every time a woman aborts we will always be saying that somebody has been killed. Abortion can help women and teenagers who might find themselves in very complex situations that they had not anticipated. For instance, it is quite obvious that through abortion, a teenager can continue with her school without necessarily drooping out and this is a fact that we can all agree to (Kearns 45). There are occasions wh ere somebody can have an untimely pregnancy that might end up enslaving her to the man and this can be sorted out through abortion A foetus is not a baby and there is no reason as per to why we should say that abortion is murder. There are occasions where abortion occurs naturally and it is undeniable that others are induced. Women can not decide to have babies then all over a sudden say that they want to abort.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This is a decision that is made after other aspects have been considered. We should therefore respect such decisions because they are made after various considerations have been made. Abortion saves lives in cases where they are medically supervised (McMahan 73). This means that it is safer than having a baby. In cases where we have a safe abortion, the whole society benefits in a broad way. Every girl or woman who makes a decisi on to go for a safe abortion in relation to an undesired pregnancy should be respected for making a bold move that others can not contemplate. We can not say that it is bad to abort a fetus because it is still dependent on the mother and is therefore not a separate entity. In this case, it can not exist outside the womb and this therefore disputes the argument that life will be lost. Abortion is a personhood issue and we can not say that it revolves around human life (Boonin 31). For instance, in vitro fertilization, eggs that have not been fertilized are thrown away yet nobody says that this is abortion. Different people have been saying that instead of abortion, we should advocate for adoption but this is not feasible. As a matter of fact, this is a woman’s choice and we can not say that they will be willing to give up their children for adoption. Instead of demonizing abortion, we should advocate for safe medical procedures (Singer 46). This is because medical abortions do not have any complications that can end up affecting the mothers’ health. As a matter of fact, the mothers’ future ability to have a baby will not be affected in any way. We live in a very dangerous society where there are many cases of incest and rape. These are occurrences that happen every now and then within our surroundings. In this case, a woman who has undergone such an act will be exposed to a lot of psychological problems if she is forced to keep the pregnancy. A woman who has been raped did not make the decision to have the pregnancy. Therefore, it will be wise for such a woman to go for a medically safe abortion instead of keeping the baby. This is because the presence of the baby will occasionally remind her of the ordeal that she went through (Kearns 63). Women who find themselves in such situations are always afraid and they can not imagine of taking morning after pills and this complicates the whole issue.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Abortion and the Aspects of Pro-abortion specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It should be known that abortion can not be used as contraception and that is why there are cases a woman can become pregnant even with proper use of contraceptives. In this case, such women should be allowed to have an abortion because they did not anticipate having a baby in the first place since this is a family matter that needs a lot of planning. Governments have been stepping up efforts to ensure that women keep their pregnancies but this is infringing on their own rights (Boonin 56). This is a civil right that every woman needs because they are supposed to be free in either keeping or terminating the pregnancy. This is a reproductive choice that can not be taken away from a human being and therefore women should be allowed to abort at their own pleasure instead of being demonized as murderers. Instead of opposing abortion, governments should come up w ith good measures to make it safe. In this case, there is need to increase funding to various medical institutions so that they can be in a position to conduct safe and medically recognized abortions (Singer 87). The main reason as per to why we should be pro-abortion is because of various teenagers who become pregnant at an early age. Such teenagers do not have the capacity to raise good children and they should therefore be allowed to abort. When they keep a pregnancy, it is quite obvious that they will drop out of school and this is not good as the baby might lack parental care. An under-age pregnancy can occur if the girl did not understand what she was doing. This is a mistake that should not be used to derail the girls’ education and career opportunity. Prior to an abortion, every woman is exposed to a lot of stress and this means the situation can only be sorted out through a safe abortion (Kearns 83). In this case, there has been no proven evidence that abortion leads to stress. As a matter of fact, women should be allowed to make a choice about abortion because this is a personal decision that can not be infringed upon. Abortion revolves around a woman’s body and she should therefore be allowed to make her own decision. It is undeniable that we have a lot of unwanted babies and this can be reflected from our overpopulation. In this case, it will be unwise for us to oppose abortion yet people should be allowed to do away with unwanted children.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More There are occasion where we have poor families with many children. In this case, any other child will be a big burden and it is good for the woman to abort (McMahan 81). Abortion is not a big deal because we have cases of miscarriages and nobody has ever argued against such. As a matter of fact, abortion is moral in a broad way. Some people have argued that abortion is very important for gender equality. This is based on the fact that it is a right that can not be denied. In this case, the right to abortion should be included in pregnancy rights for a woman to decide when she wants to terminate the pregnancy. Women should be respected because they are human beings and we should not see them as a container for the fetus. This means that they should be given all their rights as far as pregnancy is concerned without any dictation (Boonin 74). As a matter of fact, they should be supported in all the decisions that they make instead of being seen as murderers when they decide to abort. Boonin, David. A Defense of Abortion. Boulder: University of Colorado, 2003. Print. Kearns, Thomas. History, Memory, and the Law. Michigan: University of Michigan Press, 2002. Print. McMahan, Jeff. The Ethics of Killing: Problems at the Margins of Life. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002. Print. Singer, Peter. Writings on an Ethical Life. New York: HarperCollins, 2000. Print.

What should the role of the state be in contemporary society Essay

What should the role of the state be in contemporary society - Essay Example A State is the main institution which exercises power on behalf of the people in the contemporary society. It is bestowed with legitimate authority by the society for preserving its institutions for the betterment of the welfare of all. The contemporary society has empowered the state to make and impose laws that are necessary for the harmonic existence of all members of the society (Woodrow, 2001). The main role of State is providing protection to the entire society (Petricus, 2009). This core role of the state arises from the fact that it is almost impossible to guarantee all members of society protection that is based on voluntary arrangement amongst individuals. There is need for an institution that is acceptable to the entire society to provide protection from both internal and external forces that may threaten the well being of individual members or the entire society. Protection by state refers to securing the rights, liberties and freedoms of the individuals as well as their property. This role is undertaken by one authority within a given society to avoid conflicts which may arise in dispensation of this important duty. However the state has other important roles which are related to its protective role such as promoting economic welfare of the society, provision of basic needs such as food, shelter and education. This paper is a critical evaluation of the roles of the state in the contemporary society. The Protective Role of the State The protective role of the state to the society can be understood by evaluating the status of security and human rights practices in stateless societies such as Somalia in comparison with a society which has an effective system of governance such as the United States of America. It is evident that there is widespread abuse of human rights and lack of protection in a stateless society. Somalia is a country in the horn of Africa, which has survived for more than 10 years without a formal authority to govern the citizens. A s a result, numerous criminal organizations such as Al-Shabaab have continued to terrorize citizens as well as committing atrocities against the country’s peaceful neighbors. As a result, Somalia has continued to lag behind in terms of development especially due to power struggles, which have created conflicts that have resulted to some of the citizens seeking refuge in some of the neighboring countries since there is no sufficient security. This has also created a loophole which has facilitated international terrorist organizations such as Al-Qaida with a ground to fulfill their violent missions around the world (Abukhalil, 2006). It is important to note that the powers of the state are at times abused for the benefits of the ruling class thus negating the core role of this important societal institution. Since, by design, some members of the society exert relatively higher control on the state, it is possible for such group to extract more benefits than the majority of the society who are under control through acts of corruption and nepotism. It is for this reason that recent developments in some of the Arab nations such as Egypt, Tunisia and Libya, have taken place, where civilians have taken it upon themselves to overthrow corrupt leaders, whose main agenda was to remain in power and continue to acquire illegal wealth. The western society and other societies which have adopted and successfully implemented democratic ideals have at their disposal three means by which they protect themselves from undue exploitation by the state. These are; restraint through judicial processes, voicing concern through voting in general elections and removing irresponsible officials through votes of no confidence as well as invoking the right to hold non violent

The importance of iron in the human body Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The importance of iron in the human body - Essay Example Deficiency of iron is found to affect the normal functioning of the human body in several ways indicating the importance of iron to the human body. This requirement varies based on age and gender. (1). Iron is an important element for the normal functioning of the human body The Importance of Iron to the Human Body Among the many metals found in the earth’s crust iron is the second most abundant metal. During the course of evolution of living organisms iron became a key metal for the existence of living organisms and this is reflected in the importance of iron to the human body. Many of the functions in the human body at the cell level find iron playing a significant. In the human body normally about 50mg per kilogram of body weight is the quantum of iron present. On an average this works out to between 3-4gms in a human adult. Of this amount of iron in the human body approximately 60% is present in the form of hemoglobin in the erythrocytes. Nearly ten percent of iron present in the human body is found in myoglobin in the muscle. Iron containing proteins like cytochromes, iron-sulphide enzymes and iron storage and transporting proteins is where the remaining 30% of the iron on the human body can be found. This shows that iron is not present in the body as free ions in the body fluids or tissues. (2). Taken at glance the main functions of iron in the human body consists of DNA synthesis and cell formation; sensing of oxygen and cellular uptake of oxygen, transportation and storage of oxygen within the blood and muscles; electron transfer and conversion of oxygen to adenosine triphosphate (ATP); antioxidant as well as pro-oxidant functions; and regulation of inter-cellular iron. The many functions of iron in the human is the reason that iron is present in the human body in its functional forms rather than as free ions in the body fluids and tissues. (3). Hemoglobin Iron is essential as a cofactor in the formation of red blood cells and hemoglobin and it i s a part of the structure of hemoglobin. Hemoglobin makes up most of the cytoplasm of erythrocytes. Each molecule is made up of four protein or globin chains, which is attached to prosthetic heme group. The heme group has an iron molecule that is complexed at the centre of a porphyrin ring. Hemoglobin is very efficient at binding and carrying oxygen. This efficiency is reflected in its ability to causer blood to carry almost hundred times the oxygen in comparison to plasma alone. An added factor in this ability of hemoglobin to act as the transporter of oxygen in the human body is the capability of hemoglobin to modulate oxygen binding under different conditions. This feature of hemoglobin permits adaptation to a wide variety of environments and demands within the human body. When there is a deficiency of iron normal erythrocyte and hemoglobin production in the human body is affected. The lack of iron causes a reduction in the synthesis of the heme group, which gets translated into effects on the globin production. The reduced presence of the heme group in the red blood cells make the cells smaller and gives them a paler appearance than red blood cells produced that are produced when adequate levels of iron are present. In the presence of adequate levels of iron the maturing red blood cells continue dividing as per their development program till such time as the hemoglobin gas attained appropriate levels. When iron is not present in adequate levels the

SOURCE EVALUATION Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

SOURCE EVALUATION - Essay Example Therefore, for football games to be peaceful, it is important that the origin of hooliganism be understood. It is also, essential to find out what causes unrest among football suppoters and the issue be addressed by the world football governing body; FIFA. According to Ramon (11), football hooliganism is a social problem that causes a lot of anxiety among people in different countries in Europe. The study of hooliganism is therefore a major step in addressing the vice. This book, provides the reader with the social approaches to this issue and their limitations. â€Å"Among sociological study of hooliganism, three quite clearly delineated approaches can be distinguished: the Marxist approaches by Ian Taylor and John Clarke; and (iii) the post modernist approaches by Giulanotti and Redhead.† The source, â€Å"Understanding human hooliganism: A comparison of six western European football clubs† is very relevant given the rising cases of hooliganism in the world. For example, on February 03, 2014 the mirror daily newspaper reported that police are looking for three football supporters who were alleged to have thrown coins into the field. In summary, this source is very important and relevant to any student or researcher, this is because it addresses an issue which has a very negative social impact and if not addressed properly; will affect the football industry, which is currently practiced by thousands of

The Korean War Essay Example for Free

The Korean War Essay The Korean War was one of the infamous proxy wars waged during the tense Cold War period, between the United States of America and the Soviet Union. In that period, the overwhelming concern facing the free world, helmed by America, was the realization of the Truman Doctrine, which in effect included the containment of the Soviet Union and the aversion of an ominous political and military phenomenon known as the Domino Effect. The Domino Effect was the belief that should a state or country fall into the throes of Communism, surrounding countries would one by one begin to fall into the hands of the Soviet Union, heralding the very real possibility of a Third World War and all-out nuclear war. Hostilities began on the 25th of June, 1950, apparently instigated by the North Koreans – more specifically, the Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea Army (Evanhoe, Ed. 2002 http://www. korean-war. com/TimeLine/1950/06-25to08-03-50. html). The South Korean response and the United States’ support for the military engagement began in earnest within the next couple of days. The war escalated through the following months, and casualties mounted on both sides till an armistice was signed on 27 July, 1953. The war could be viewed in three distinct phases, i. e. the Opening Situation – from June to September 1950, the United Nations counterattack – from September to November 1950, and toward the ceasefire line – November 1950 to July 1953 (Dwight D. Eisenhower, p. 173). For the United States, it was a costly involvement that saw a total of 29,557 deaths, 92,934 wounded, and 7,245 interred as prisoners-of-war (Evanhoe, Ed. 2002 http://www. korean-war. com/TimeLine/1953/timeline1953. html). Yet, it was seen as a very necessary action in the light of the international political arena both then and now. The Korean War was an important preface to the Vietnam War, which saw a much more heavy engagement and stunning military losses suffered by the United States. It was the major conflict that occurred after World War II, and should be recognized as such because of the significant implications that surrounded its conflagration and escalation. It is notable as the powers that be supplying the elements and process of war really belonged to the United States, the Soviet Union, and China. That the war was waged on Korean soil by the North and South Koreans was just a physical representation. Again, this conflict was perpetuated by ideological and political differences and would be fleshed out over again in another time on another turf. The Korean War was at once both critical and unfortunate. It is referred to sometimes as the Forgotten War, simply because it was sandwiched between World War II and the Vietnam War, the former because of the horrific scale of the conflict and the latter because of the intricacies and long-drawn out battle timeline. Psychologically, however, the Korean War represented an important milestone for anti-communist sentiments and international support for a United States military presence as the World leader, and the global policeman. In truth, the Korean War in the eyes of the United States was more of a police action than a war – that was an appropriate response to unsolicited hostilities waged against their key ally. One might be forgiven for the view that the Korean War was much ado about nothing, for there was very little real land reallocation and it ended in a technical stalemate (Korean War History Guide, n. d. http://history. searchbeat. com/koreanwar. htm). There was plenty of huff and puff on all sides, and there were many peace negotiations and overtures throughout. Today, the war has not officially ended, and both Koreas are still technically at war. They had been observing an uncertain peace for the last fifty years and one can surmise that without the vitriolic might and fervor of both the Soviet Union and China that existed then in that period of world history, North Korea had no real impetus to engage the South in yet another conflict. Today also, the world is witnessing a very isolated North Korea devoid of even its closest ally’s support, for it is not in China’s interest in all respects to support any possible conflagration. Should North Korea choose to be an enfant terrible and pick a fight with the South, it would really be doing so as a lonely and desperate attempt to regain its largely irrelevant dominance and imagined presence on the world stage. No longer would it be a thinly-cloaked war of belligerence waged by the Communist powers that be. REFERENCES Dwight D. Eisenhower, Mandate for Change: 1953-56 (Garden City, NY: Doubleday Company, Inc. 1963), p. 173 Evanhoe, Ed. 2002 http://www. korean-war. com/TimeLine/1950/06-25to08-03-50. html Retrieved on 30 May 2010. Evanhoe, Ed. 2002 http://www. korean-war. com/TimeLine/1953/timeline1953. html Retrieved on 30 May 2010. Korean War History Guide, n. d. http://history. searchbeat. com/koreanwar. htm Retrieved on 30 May 2010.

The Development Of Tourism In Kerala

The Development Of Tourism In Kerala In the book KERALAS Economic Development Performance and Problems in the Post-Liberalization Period by B. A. Prakash, there is an article on Tourism Development in Kerala by Nalini Netto which says that Kerala has emerged as an undisputed tourism hotspot of India with its catchy promotional logo Gods Own Country. National Geographic Traveler, in a landmark issue in 2000, rated Kerala in Paradise Found category. Ever since the govt. of India declared tourism as an industry in 1986 and Kerala was the first state to declare so, Kerala is doing aggressive marketing of tourism product by establishing Tourism Mart in Kochi which has its links with national and global tourism bodies like South Asia Travel and Tourism Exchange, Travel Agent Association of India (TAAI), Pacific Asia Tourism Association (PATA) etc. Government of Kerala is also playing role of facilitator and regulator for the prosperity and growth of the tourism sector by encouraging private participations in the sector. Government is providing subsidy of 10 percent on capital investment in the sector subject to maximum 10 Lakh with additional subsidy of 15 percent on the investment in pollution control facilities and equipment. Kerala with 600 Km coast line offers one of the best beaches in India. Western Ghats provide few finest hill stations for summer resort. Rich ecological forest, wild life reserves and backwaters provide a full eye soothing natural beauty to the state. Ayurveda, the health tourism product is another USP of Kerala Tourism due to abundance of herbs and medicinal plants. The earnings from tourism in the state in 2001 were estimated to be Rs. 535 crore. This book also emphasizes that this sector still has unused potential which if utilized in an environmentally conscious way can generate more revenue for the state and the country. [2] In the book on Tourism Marketing by Devahish Dasgupta in the chapter of Destination Branding: Building Brand Equity a case study is presented on Measuring Brand Performance -A Kerala Survey in which analysis of the survey on the brand performance of Kerala is given which was conducted in India and abroad, featuring countries such as Spain, France, Denmark, Italy, Belgium and other countries. People, who have not visited Kerala before, responded that they came to know about the state by word of mouth and wanted to visit. People, who had already visited Kerala expressed that they had a memorable experience in Kerala. This case study talked about effective marketing strategies to undertake market research to indentify and assemble a highly attractive product should be developed to differentiate from competing tourist destinations. More emphasis is given to Tourist-centric products and issues relating to price, security, health, safety and quality should be studied. It says that failure to build and sustain destination brand equity or the value of brand in the minds of potential visitors and investor, can lead to economic decline. [3] Article by E T N, Global Travel Industry News Tourism is contributor to The Growth of The Economy The Tourism Minister Kumari Selja has said that development of infrastructure holds the key to the growth of tourism and that is why the Government is investing heavily for integrated development of the Infrastructure Sector. She said that Tourism Sector, with 9.24% share of employment, accords a perfect opportunity to translate our vision of inclusive growth to reality. [4] In an essay written on Medical Tourism in India: Progress or Predicament? by Sunita Reddy and Imrana Qadeer, it is estimated that the size of the medical tourism market in the country will be Rs 1, 95,000 crore in 2012. The essay also examines the implications of medical tourism for general medical care and how such policy shifts distort health systems. This analysis raises questions of accessibility, affordability, and ethics in medical care, and asks if it is sensible to promote medical tourism in a democratic welfare state, with poor public healthcare facilities for the masses. [5] Contentious and contradictions of tourism as development option : a case of Kerala, India by T T Sreekumar, Govindan Parayil The projected picture of an emerging vitality in the tourism sector in Kerala stands in stark contrast to the general scenario of the poor performance of the tourism industry in India, as well as in South Asia in general. This paper takes a closer look at this scenario by placing Keralas performance against the larger backdrop of tourism dynamics as experienced in Third World countries in general and South Asia in particular. It shows that no effort has been made so far to assess the environmental sustain-ability of keeping tourism as a high-growth option, given the fragile nature of Keralas environment and the carrying capacity of the major tourist destinations. It further reveals that the increasing comparative advantage of developing countries has not yet resulted in any significant rise in their share in global tourism arrivals and receipts and the regions which are able to grab the lions share of tourism arrivals and receipts are the economically advanced ones. In Indias case, the fact that tourism contributes to 6.9% of its total export earnings is not an insignificant point and Kerala tourism sectors share in the State Domestic Product (SDP) remains at less than 1 % even after a decade of concerted efforts to boost the tourism industry. The belief that tourism has become an engine of growth in Kerala is hence unfounded. Tourism is making only a marginal contribution to the local economy, its harmful impacts on the ecology of the region are becoming increas-ingly visible [6] Kerala: Exploring Future Frontiers in Tourism Development by Dept. of tourism, Kerala This book talks about the possibilities and problems for tourism in Kerala. A fully literate population and astonishing geographical diversity full of beaches, backwaters, wildlife sanctuaries and evergreen forests in the smallest area possible, are factors that helps Kerala transform into an Important tourist state in India. On the other hand, high density of population, consequent non availability of land, lack of professional training and distance from the important cities of India are all negative factors which constraint its overall growth as a tourism destination. [7] Reinventing Kerala : A success story by R. Krishnakumar This article discusses about a series of innovative concepts and projects developed by the state to reinvigorate the States tourism sector without diluting its commitment to conserve nature. It is multi-destination tourism at its best, offering a multitude of variegated experiences and attractions within a relatively small area, luring tourists into staying longer and spending more. In order to attract foreign tourists new tourism concepts such as monsoon tourism, medical tourism, adventure tourism, heritage tourism, pilgrimage tourism, eco tourism, and farm tourism are being developed and popularized. In order to encourage more private sector investment and to conserve nature, a number of Special Tourism Zones are to be identified and developed under the purview of the Kerala Tourism (Conservation and Preservation of Areas) Act, 2005, which envisages the conservation, preservation and integrated development of such areas. Unexplored or lesser-known areas, especially in the Malabar r egion, traditional skills, handicrafts, art forms, and new tourism products are to be developed and marketed to sustain tourist interest. With new initiatives in providing better infrastructure and trained human resource, Kerala tourism is putting all its efforts with the slogan of vision 2025: Conserve Nature and Culture and Promote Tourism in order to achieve sustainable growth. [8] Tourist arrivals in India: how important are domestic disorders? by Dhariwal, Richa India, with its rich natural beauty, is unquestionably a destination that should promote tourism and it has taken various measures to do this, but the tourism potential of the country has still not been maximized. In the past few years, Indian tourism industry is significantly contributing to the nations gross domestic product, foreign exchange earnings and employment. This paper analyses the determinants of international tourist arrivals in India using annual data from 1966 to 2000 and the results show that sociopolitical factors communalism, terrorism and tensions with Pakistan constitute serious threats to the tourism industry, limiting the gains that could otherwise have been realized. Methodology Quantitative Methods To address the research question we will try to answer some related issues and objectives using quantitative methods as illustrated below: Objective 1: To determine whether there is any change in the volume of inbound tourists over the years and what can be the expected projections in the arrival and the growth rate. We will collect data from Kerala Tourism department and will conduct a regression analysis in order to estimate the volume of tourism in the future. This would let us know the importance of the need to boost tourism both domestic and international through promotions. Objective 2: Is there any trend of decline in no. of International tourists arriving to the state. Our hypothesis would be as follows: Null Hypothesis: Number of tourists to Kerala does not decrease Alternate Hypothesis: Number of tourists to Kerala decreases From the simple linear regression we will find out if the prediction for tourists for the forthcoming years or increases with a certain percentage (95%) of confidence level. Objective 3: What is currently the volume of domestic tourists to the state, and what are the projections one can expect without any additional focused marketing efforts. (maintaining the current level of activity) We will obtain the information about the month wise domestic tourists arrival from the Kerala state department personals and website. We will plot the seasonal pattern seen in the inflow of tourists for any two years. After doing a regression on the obtained statistics, we can get the results for domestic tourists inflow annually Data Collection Questionnaires: A questionnaire was designed to target tourists in and around major tourist spots in Kozhikode like Kappad Beach. Specific questions were asked in order to get the true picture of the situation and help to segment the data. For segmentation, we will use Cluster analysis on the set of data collected by the questionnaire. The questionnaire will try to focus on the interest of the tourists regarding the purpose of their visits, transportation mode convenient to them and their future plans to revisit the tourist destinations. Questionnaire we will be using is attached in the Appendix A. Focus Group Discussion: We will conduct a focus group discussion of about 10 people. These are students of IIM Kozhikode with keen interest in touring. These people want their vacations to be fun-filled, relaxing and rejuvenating, especially an escape from the hectic schedules and work stress. Demographically also they are similar with almost same age group and similar incomes. Moderator will ask them the questions about on what parameters they judge a tourist spot and regarding their opinions about the service and infrastructure facilities in the tourist spots they visited. Focus Group Discussion details are included in the Appendix B Qualitative Methods Since it is difficult to go far off places in kerala, we will be using the observation method in the qualitative method to be congruent with the research question. Data will be collected from the major tourist agencies, national tourism sites and state tourism centre which would help us analyse qualitatively the number of tourist that are visiting Kerala year after year. In case of survey regarding the tourist, the type of measurement scale used will depend on individual questions in the questionnaire. For example, to determine the major tourism places in kerala. Scaling is a method of changing attributes (a series of qualitative facts) into variables (a quantitative series). Ordinal scale will fit better for the purpose. For collecting data on the tourist preference, we will be using Likert scale to measure the responses. It will be used to determine the attitude of the tourist coming to India. Analysis Objective 1: To determine whether there is any change in the volume of inbound international tourists and what can be the expected projections in arrivals and growth rate Using the foreign tourist inflow data from Kerala Tourism department, we carried out a regression analysis in order to estimate the volume of international tourism in the near future. This would let us know the importance of the need to supplement domestic tourists with international tourists. The figures of the number of foreign tourists and the variance as compared to the previous year are shown in the table below:- YEAR Foreign Tourists Growth 2000 209933 3.8 2001 208830 -0.5 2002 232564 11.3 2003 294621 26.7 2004 345546 17.3 2005 346499 0.27 2006 428534 23.7 2007 515808 20.37 2008 598929 16.11 2009 549756 -8.2 From SPSS analysis for the above collected data. From Above SPSS Model, Eqn. will be Y= 46110*X + 119502 Here Y= No of Foreign Tourists in a particular year X=Year (we have taken value of x for year 2000 as 1 and subsequently for next year.) Using the above regression model we can predict the international tourists for the next five years as shown in following table. YEAR EXPECTED FOREIGN TOURISTS EXPECTED GROWTH (%) 2010 626712 13.99821 2011 672822 7.3574465 2012 718932 6.8532242 2013 765042 6.4136803 2014 811152 6.0271201 Objective 2: Is there any trend of decline in no. of International tourists arriving to the state. In order to find out the above objective we use hypothesis testing Null Hypothesis: Number of international tourists to Kerala is not decreasing. Alternate Hypothesis: Number of international tourists to Kerala is decreasing. From the simple linear regression we can see that the prediction for international tourists for the forthcoming years seem to decrease with 95% confidence and hence we accept the null hypothesis i.e. No. of international tourists to Kerala is not decreasing. Objective 3: What is currently the volume of domestic tourists to the state, and what are the projections one can expect without any additional focused marketing efforts. (maintaining the current level of activity) We obtained the information about the domestic tourists from the Kerala state department. The figures are as follows: Year Domestic Tourists Growth 2000 5013221 2.6 2001 5329692 4.5 2002 5568256 6.3 2003 5871228 5.4 2004 5972182 1.7 2005 5946423 -0.43 2006 6271724 5.47 2007 6642941 5.91 2008 7591250 14.27 2009 7789056 2.6 From Above SPSS Model, Eqn. will be Y= 287046*X + 4621000 Here Y= No of Domestic Tourists in a particular year X=Year (we have taken value of x for year 2000 as 1 and subsequently for next year.) Using the above regression model we can predict the international tourists for the next five years as shown in following table. YEAR EXPECTED DOMESTIC TOURISTS EXPECTED GROWTH(%) 2010 7778506 -0.1 2011 8065552 3.7 2012 8352598 3.6 2013 8639644 3.4 2014 8926690 3.3 Secondary data Collection: In order to obtain data, we took the help of online search for tourism data. We found that the number of tourists has been increasing. But the growth rate could have been more. The characteristics of the tourists have been seen to be urban based. They are young and employed. Primary Data collection: A questionnaire was designed to target specific groups of people in 4 Metros (Bangalore, Bombay, Delhi and Chennai) who are in job and also students of IIM Kozhikode. Specific questions were asked in order to get the true picture of the situation and help us to segment the data. Around 36 responses were obtained without missing values. The rest were separated out. Initially, we looked at 10 different attributes i.e. Shopping, Historical Importance, Weather, Hospitality, Relaxation, Connectivity, Events, Adventure, Proximity and Value for money. Respondents to the questionnaire were asked about their opinion regarding the attribute importance for any destination. Then we went on to do a Factor analysis to identify the most significant factors and their correlations. Using principle component analysis, we came down to following four significant factors. Factor 1-Characteristic culture: Hospitality, connectivity and adventure Factor 2-Costliness: Value for money (positive correlation), Events, proximity Factor 3-Climatic conditions: Weather, relaxation Factor 4-Historical significance: Historical Importance, Negatively related with Value for money Component Score Coefficient Matrx Compoent 1 2 3 4 Shopping 0.212 0.246 -0.039 0.241 Historical_Importance 0.015 -0.002 -0.033 0.656 Weather -0.208 -0.024 0.578 0.267 Hospitality 0.343 0.033 0.145 -0.022 Relaxation 0.079 -0.128 0.582 -0.18 Connectivity 0.335 0.053 -0.081 -0.086 Events 0.098 0.406 -0.166 0.021 Adventure -0.389 0.231 0.184 -0.187 Proximity -0.174 0.354 -0.108 0.143 Value_for_money 0.011 0.323 0.163 -0.351 For further segmentation, we used Cluster analysis on the set of data collected by the online questionnaire. The cluster variables were based on the demographics like income, age, employment status. Using Hierarchical clustering and between group linkage procedure, we looked at the coefficients in the agglomeration schedule and the dendogram to reach a cluster of size 2 and 3. Next we also looked at the frequency distributions in order to decide if the clusters are large enough. Finally, we arrived at 2 clusters. Cluster 1 Values Implication Mean employment 2.583 Post graduate and employee people Mean geographical location 1.655 North and South Indians Mean Marital status 1 single Age group 1.172 18-25 years Income 2.414 between 5-10 lacs Cluster 2 Values Implication Mean employment 2.571 No differentiation Mean geographical location 3.428 West and East Indians Mean Marital status 1.428 married and single Age group 1.571 18-25 years Income 2.143 between 5-10 lacs Analysis of the competition with other states: We considered the major tourist hotspots in India like Goa, Andaman Nicobar, Rajasthan, Himachal Pradesh and the North-East to form an idea about the attributes that differentiate them. Using Multidimensional scaling we obtained the perceptual mapping of the states in terms of 4 different dimensions in two plots. As we can see from the above plot, Kerala has a distinct image If we look at crowd, Kerala and Goa are pretty similar. They pull decent number of similar kind of crowds to their destinations. Other attributes: Cost and connectivity, Andaman Nicobar and Lakhswadeep are different from Kerala in these two aspects. The plot below shows the Euclidean distance as observed from the dissimilarity matrix. The second MDS process was run to compare on other attributes like beaches, hillstations, and other location characteristics. The chart is shown in the following plot. Results- à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ It was found that Kerala differs in historical significance from Rajasthan à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ In terms of scenic beauty Kerala is high up against Goa and the North-East Conclusion- Most people view Kerala to be a place of scenic beauty constituted by the Backwaters, beaches and Hills. From the above analysis, we can say that Kerala has a distinct competitive edge over other states and should capitalize on it by promoting its strengths. Kerala should look into the specific segments and target the young and fresh in jobs people. Media for Kerala: The awareness about Kerala was high and Internet and friends were the highest contributors. The plot below shows the results of the research (questionnaire). Internet and word-of-mouth spread of news constitute over half of the publicity Kerala receives. Recommendations Based on the findings we suggest the following communication strategy: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ More Media campaign should be there to highlight Keralas distinct image. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Internet should be used a powerful Communication channels à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ More focus should be on the North and South urban centers. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Leverage on existing customers to get new ones