Boston College Investigative Reporter: Burke Papers

Boston College Investigative Reporter: Burke PapersMichael Burke Papers at Boston College, a former employee, informant and former employee of the alleged mastermind of the murder of William Kennedy Smith, are a treasure trove of information that will be used by those who want to find answers and the people who want to know why. Many individuals who have had extensive dealings with Burke tell of his serious and intelligent manner and, believe it or not, it did not endear him to anyone. The truth of the matter is that Burke was a brilliant and loyal employee who just happened to get in the way of the craziest of personalities.Burke's brief tenure at Boston College began when he worked as an informant for the FBI. At one point, he was given the assignment to get a piece of paper out of someone's office that contained a two thousand dollar bill. He did this and was rewarded with being granted top-secret clearance and a radio transmitter. The two were considered to be of great value to t he FBI and they worked very hard to secure Burke's identity.Michael Burke's first known assignment with the FBI was to assist in the apprehension of Jim Garrison, as a potential witness against Gerald Posner. It turned out that Jim Garrison did not really need any help in this department, but Burke was able to give him an inside track. Burke's role in this mission also entailed placing a bug on one of Jim Garrison's personal cars. Later, the person who placed the audio recording of this conversation did this as a gesture of friendship.Burke was soon dispatched to Germany to deal with spies who were supposedly living there. Burke's first arrest was for impersonating an FBI agent and another arrest was made for fraud. They also discovered that his true identity was actually a former FBI agent working undercover. Burke was paid well and he did not even talk to the agent he was being paid to protect.Burke's next assignment was to capture a CIA agent named George Joannides. He was forced to pose as a harmless private citizen in order to capture Joannides. This was Burke's biggest hurdle when it came to the assignment. He was unable to be friendly enough with this agent and he also managed to be secretive enough not to reveal any information about his previous assignment.Eventually, Burke became a member of the Boston college student newspaper and he went on to publish his own piece on the paper titled, 'Remember When I Was Your Friend?' Burke was very successful at getting his position promoted and in doing so, he made friends with others who ended up being assets to the FBI and his case against Joannides. Finally, this case culminated in a successful trial, and Burke was able to assist the agents in their investigation of the kidnapping and murder of Harvard professor William Kennedy Smith.Michael Burke's papers contain several documents that were supposedly sent to him by Joannides and George Joannides. But, the identities of these men are no longer concealed. Th e documents contained within Michael Burke Papers at Boston College are such valuable evidence that it is time to turn the papers over to law enforcement officials who can use them to help find those responsible for the murder of William Kennedy Smith.There are some who would rather try to keep the original documents hidden from public view. The case of Michael Burke is not a typical crime. This is a man who was willing to go to the lengths of hiding documents in order to solve a problem and fight for justice.

Research Proposal - Be Precise and Present in a Clear and Simple Manner

Research Proposal - Be Precise and Present in a Clear and Simple MannerSo, you have written a research proposal and you are anxious to submit it for review. The grant review is one of the most dreaded and critical parts of submitting for government grants. The grant reviewers are expert in their fields and they know that any flaws in your proposal will be seen. I will give you some tips on how to make your research proposal stand out from the crowd.Your research proposal must contain information about your business, your company, the type of market you are targeting and what will be the goals and objectives of your company. You should start with the title of your research proposal. Never just say 'business'. Always make sure that you also include a description of the business or field of interest you are in.The title should make sure that the reader understands the purpose of your research. It should also make sure that your proposal doesn't become obscure and go off topic. As an exa mple, 'Valuable Research of the Florida State University' is probably not a good title for a proposal that talks about the Florida sea lions.Your body copy is very important. It needs to give details of the research which will further justify the use of a grant and the possible benefits and risks of the grant proposal. Also, it should offer a good press release and testimonials to back up the proposal.One other thing you need to do is to prepare and outline your research proposal. This is one of the crucial points when reviewing your research proposal. This outline should have the important information like the name of your organization, phone number of contact and email address and many more.After reviewing the research proposal, you should send it in a format that is accepted by all. If you don't have the power to mail it to all the reviewers, you may just upload it online. If you don't have the internet at home, you can send it through an e-mail.Finally, the best way to get a gra nt from any grantmaker is to have a research proposal prepared and submit it properly. You can be confident that the grant reviewer will understand your paper and the research you presented. The reviewers are experts in their fields and if your research is complete and well documented, it will be given the same attention.

The Scapegoating of Homosexuals as Threats to Society Essay

Politics of Exclusion - The Scapegoating of Homosexuals as Threats to Society It is hard to believe that this bill is anything other than a thinly veiled attempt to score political debating points by scapegoating gay and lesbian Americans.-John F. Kerry The monster lulls reason into a night of unknowing in which sleeping leviathans do not lie.-Timothy K. Beal Introduction The scapegoating of homosexuals as monstrous threats to the order of society allows for their exclusion from institutions such as marriage, legal adoption, and The Boy Scouts of America. To reverse this discrimination, we must learn to make room for the chaotic queer monster, to perceive its presence not as threatening, but rather as inevitable,†¦show more content†¦The Creation of Queer Monsters This politics of exclusion is grounded in the depiction of homosexuals as monsters. It would be silly to deny that gays and lesbians, in their sexual preference, clearly diverge from the societal norm. Furthermore, we cannot ignore that this deviation introduces a degree of chaos to society. However, when we view homosexuals’ difference and challenge to convention as monstrously threatening, discrimination is justified. Homosexuals can be correlated with Freud’s concept of the unheimlich. This term describes the â€Å"unhomely†, the outside which threatens one’s sense of security, one’s â€Å"at-homeness† from the inside; it is the â€Å"otherness within sameness† [1] . The gay and lesbian population constitutes an element of difference, an â€Å"other†, within an American society nearly obsessed with the maintenance of order and security. Like the subjects of Timothy Beal’s book Religion and Its Monsters, homosexuals â€Å"are threatening figures of anomaly within the well-established and accepted order of things†. In their difference, they serve to disorient, to introduce a degree of chaos, and to reveal deep insecurities in our confidence in the meaning, integrity, and well-being of society [2] . Therefore, gays and lesbians are demonized as threats to our sense of order. We create queer monsters of chaos that must be repressed andSh ow MoreRelatedThe Negative Stereotypes About Bisexual Lifestyle1408 Words   |  6 Pageslesbians see bisexuality as a transitional identity between heterosexuality and lesbianism; notably, 83% lesbians agreed that â€Å"some women claim to be bisexual when they are really lesbians who are afraid to admit it† (Rust, â€Å"Neutralizing the Political Threat† 9). Stone also notes in her memoir that lesbians are often bitter about the â€Å"straight-passing privilege† that bisexual women possess (2). They claim that bisexual women are able to enjoy the benefits of the lesbian community without receiving theRead MoreThe 1981 Hiv / Aids Epidemic1506 Words   |  7 PagesThe 1981 HIV/AIDS epidemic was a time of turmoil for the LGBT+ community due to the high transmission risk of HIV/AIDS between homosexuals (Richardson 5). Tension ran high within community, as different groups experienced different amounts of discrimination for their transmission risk. In particular , scholars find that â€Å"tensions between lesbian and bisexual women was much more problematic than tensions between gay and bisexual men† (Udis-Kessler 46). Despite the similarities of lesbian and bisexualRead MoreAmerica s The Great Melting Pot1952 Words   |  8 Pagesdue to different influences. Antisemitism is one of the ways people interact with the tossed salad that is America. Antisemitism in United States is on a decline because other groups are being used as scapegoats instead, Jews are not seen to pose a threat, a strong Holocaust remembrance, and the hatred of African Americans continues to be the predominate form of hate in the American context. The FBI website lays out the numbers. The site has hate crime statistics up to 2014. In 2014 there were 609Read More War Rhetoric Essay2635 Words   |  11 PagesUnited Families International, to garner support for a federal ban on homosexual marriage. Their home page includes the following statement: We organized Defend Marriage for a single purpose: to help pass a constitutional amendment to protect and defend marriage in the United States as the union of a man and woman. We have posted a variety of background and resource materials on this site explaining the particular threat to marriage and the family posed by the aggressive effort to legalizeRead Moreothering2880 Words   |  12 Pagesï » ¿Race, gender, sexuality and class are intersectional socially constructed concepts and institutions that create perceived differences and hierarchies that separate humans in society and reproduce positions of domination and subordination through the process of ‘othering’ (Collins, 1990). It is through this process of ‘othering’ and the representations of it that the inclusion and exclusion of groups occurs, resulting in the subordination and domination of these groups (Hall, 2001). This essay willRead MoreCRM 1301 Midterm uOttawa Carolyn Gordon Essay10218 Words   |  41 PagesStrappado: Individual left to hand, dropped just of ground Heretic’s Fork: Sharp device around neck, pierce neck and chin The Rack: Body elongate The Headcrusher; Tighten head Witchcraft in context Provide explanation Changes and turmoil in society Maintain status quo Protect position and privileges Challenge authorities = charged with heresy Divert attention Blames witches and the Church becomes indispensible Scapegoat Target powerless or threatening groups Rationale for Punishment Read MoreCommunity Health Nursing Final Exam Study Guide Essay15874 Words   |  64 Pagesfulfilling relationships with other people, to adapt to change, and to cope with adversity. (by Healthy People 2010) It is an integral part of personal well-being, of both family and interpersonal relationships, and of contributions to community or society. 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Lebron Interview Analysis Free Essays

With this decision Lebanon composed this essay in o deer to explain himself; to his Miami fans and the rest of the world. Lebanon does not want to be hated in Miami. In Lebanon James’ homecoming article he misleads the reader; coming home does not reveal his motives, basketball championships remain the main cause for betray Months after Lebanon James finalized his decision to leave, sports analysts debt dated the true reasons behind his motives. We will write a custom essay sample on Lebron Interview Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now Coming home eases Lebanon decision, but f ails to reveal the entire picture. Lebanon James plays basketball better than any man in the world d, he obviously cares if he plays on a good team or not. Lebanon wouldn’t abandon a talented t am for a subpart squad. â€Å"l went to Miami because of Dead and (B. † (Para. 3). Lebanon first moved due to appeal of talented players. Lebanon’s second decision mirrors his first m eve. Lebanon will continue to argue that he desires to return home due to his love for Cleveland d, but he’s hiding the truth. In reality Cleveland homes a championship caliber basketball team. Cleveland future seems promising with young stars like Keri Irving and now Kevin Love. Lebanon realizes this and seizes the opportunity. Going home just adds to the glory of it all. Even Though Lebanon grew up in Ohio, he loved his time away in Miami. â€Å"l will always think of Miami as my second home† (Para. 2). Lebanon loved Miami; leaving sol Ely off being homesick makes no sense. Lebanon stated that he would not move anywhere without a beach in an interview before revealing his final decision. In case you didn’t know, the re aren’t any beaches in Cleveland. Lebanon decided to leave Miami due to the potential of T he Cavaliers. Lebanon expresses his desire to win an NAB championship once again, especial Ii for Ohio. Lebanon acts modest about The Cavaliers skill in saying â€Å"We’re not ready eight now. (Paragraph 8) in attempt to ease the hate from Miami fans. Lebanon attempts t o downsize the team by labeling them young and inexperienced, but he also acknowledges the Eire talent. Doing this allows Lebanon to appeal to both crowds. Despite his best efforts most see through his attempt to mislead. Lebanon acts like his road to s uccess will take years. Lebanon compares his move to Cleveland to his first move made in 2010. He go sees on to say â€Å"I wanton win next year, but I’m realistic. It will be a long process, much 10 anger than it was in 2010. My patience will get tested† (Para. ). Success will come early and will not be short lived. How to cite Lebron Interview Analysis, Papers

The role of adult learning

In the modern world, the role of adult learning becomes more and more important because a growing number of people want to acquire new knowledge and skills either for professional or personal reasons (Rose, Kasworm, Ross-Gordon, 2010, p. 13). This is why it is important to understand the factors that can affect their education.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The role of adult learning specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Overall, teachers have to accept the idea that many traditional methods of instruction may not be applicable to these people because they can have different cognitive abilities and needs. This is the main issue that should be discussed. One can argue that cognition and memory have the strongest impact on people. Teachers should bear in mind that as people grow older learning strategies can change due to various factors, especially age. First, according to the findings of psychologists, mem ory of a person is inevitably affected by age, even if there are no pathologies such as dementia (Nilsson, 2003, p. 7). For instance, the research indicates that older adults, especially those ones, whose age is fifty or more, do not perform very well when they have to face the tasks requiring simultaneous storage and processing of information (Nilsson, 2003, p. 11). Thus, educators should remember about this issue when they work with adult learners. Additionally, psychologists report that such cognitive ability also tends to decline even in normal aging (Seel, 2011, p. 561). For example, learners who are older than fifty, may find it more difficult to single out the most relevant information (Seel, 2011, p. 561). For some of them information overload can be a significant problem. In part, these phenomena can be explained by the fact that many of these people were not engaged in self-directed after the end of their formal education. In other words, some of them may not have practice d their learning skills for a very long time. This is why educators will need to adopt a different set of strategies when they will work with such learners. Nevertheless, teachers should also take into account that some adults do not lose their cognitive abilities. In fact, they become more skilled at self-directed studies. In fact, they do not want to be guided by teachers (Westell, 2005, p. 7). Thus, one should not assume that every adult learner acts in the same way. Such a view will be too simplistic.Advertising Looking for research paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The information about aging and its influence on memory and cognition will be of great use to me. In particular, it will help me develop the tasks that best suits the needs of adult learners. For instance, I will take into account that for some learners it can be difficult to process and memorize too many facts that may be seemingly unrelated to one another. I will need to focus students’ attention on the most important concepts and ideas that they will need to understand and memorize. Secondly, it may be necessary for me to use visual aids such as graphs or diagrams that can highlight the most important information. Furthermore, I will try to offer these people more opportunities for self-directed studies. They should know how to study independently. Judging from my experiences, I can tell that it is important to determine what kind of goals learners may set. Some of them can be interested in acquiring certain skills. In turn, many of them are interested in learning for the sake of learning. Thus, an instructor has to use different strategies when teaching these students. Overall, I can say that other students are also aware of the fact that adult learners may have different needs, and that traditional teaching methods applied in the classroom may not benefit adult learners. I can say that other teachers also pay much attention to such issues as cognition and memory. They also accept the premise that aging can be a significant factor that affects the education of adults. Moreover, they try to accommodate the learning activities to the cognitive development of adult learners. The tasks developed by these teachers are likely to benefit adults who want to continue their education. There are very things that I would like to change about the course. In my opinion, more attention should be paid to the reasons why many adults choose to continue their education. For many of them the main priority is self-confidence or self-esteem (Rose, Kasworm, Ross-Gordon, 2010, p. 13). Usually they attach more importance to self-directed studies. In my view, self-direction is a skill that these people should possess. I would like to know how to help these people with this task. Still, despite these limitations, this course seems to be quite effective. It has given me deep insights into the peculiarities of adul t learning. These example shows that adulthood should not be associated only with professional activities, since at this stage of life a person may still have an inclination to learn. In fact, life-long-learning can prove to be a necessity for every individual. Educators have to keep in mind that the cognitive abilities and needs of adults can be very different and conventional methods of instructions may be beneficial. Additionally, educators should take into account the reasons why a person may want to continue his/her education.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The role of adult learning specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Reference List Nilsson, L. (2003). Memory function in normal aging. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica, 107 (179), 7-13. Rose, A. Kasworm, C. Ross-Gordon, J. (2010). Handbook of Adult and Continuing  Education. New York: SAGE. Seel, N. (2011). Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning. Ne w York: Springer. Westell, T. (2005). Measuring Non-Academic Outcomes In Adult Literacy Programs: A Literature Review. Web. This research paper on The role of adult learning was written and submitted by user Phasma to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Penelope Is a Real Hero

Penelope Is a Real Hero Odysseus has often been regarded as the only hero in the famous Homer’s epic Odyssey. It is but natural as the epic goes under the name Odyssey and it focuses on Odysseus’s adventures. Nonetheless, there are many other heroes. It is important to note that males have been ascribed to heroic deeds, e.g.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Penelope Is a Real Hero specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Odysseus and his men, or Telemachus (Clayton 18). However, women also play an important role in the story. Goddesses, shadows and living women help men in their activities. Of course, Athena, the goddess of warfare and wisdom, helps Odysseus in many affairs. However, the goddess should not be regarded as a heroine as she does not belong to the world of humans. As far as the heroines pertaining to the world of humans are concerned, one of the main heroines to be admired is Penelope, Odysseus’s wife who i s faithful, wise and even as cunning as her husband. In fact, Penelope should be considered a hero as she manages to rule the kingdom (Ithaca), she is ready to sacrifice her entire life for the sake of her son, Telemachus, and she manages to remain faithful to her husband due to her wisdom and cunning. The Wise Ruler When analyzing the role of the queen in the story, it is crucial to remember about the role of women in the Ancient Greek society. Thus, Clark and Schwiebert point out that Penelope is to fulfill tasks which â€Å"must be relatively safe, can easily be interrupted and resumed, and must require minimal movement from home† (164). Penelope being a woman has to comply with these rules. However, the queen is in quite a specific position. She does not have her husband beside her to run the house and the entire kingdom. It is necessary to note that the epic does not focus on Penelope as a ruler. Nonetheless, it is clear that Penelope plays a very important role in her k ingdom even though it is not revealed explicitly. Thus, Odysseus meets his mother and inquires her about Penelope. The woman describes Penelope’s position in the following way: Still with her child indeed she is, poor heart, still in your palace hall. Forlorn her nightsAdvertising Looking for research paper on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More and days go by, her life in weeping. But no man takes your honored place. Telemakhos has care of all your garden plots and fields, and holds the public honor of a magistrate, feasting and being feasted†¦ (Homer 351) The first part of this speech suggests that Penelope is only weeping and doing some female job in the house. It may seem that Telemachus is the real ruler of the kingdom as he takes care of all public affairs, and he also runs their lands. Nonetheless, it is clear that the young ruler resorts to his mother’s help who gives val uable advice on various matters. The first line of the speech confirms that Penelope is beside her son helping him in any possible way. Of course, it is impossible to claim that Penelope is as powerful as any other ruler, or Odysseus himself, as she is still just a woman in the Ancient Greek society. Nonetheless, Penelope’s role is somewhere in between (Clayton 19). It is possible to claim that she is the ‘à ©minence grise’ of Ithaca who manages to keep the wealth and glory of the kingdom.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Penelope Is a Real Hero specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Vetter claims that weaving is one of the most important symbols in the epic (33). Of course, it is the symbol of memory as Penelope is thinking about Odysseus while weaving. Apart from this, Penelope’s weaving can also be regarded as a symbol of her â€Å"status within her household, the city of Ithakaâ₠¬  (Vetter 33). On one hand, she fulfills purely female tasks like weaving. On the other hand, she guides her son and helps him to be a wise ruler. She creates a covert web which covers the entire kingdom and keeps its order. It is necessary to add that that the woman has to live under a great pressure as she is doomed to hear news about her heroic husband and she still thinks he is dead. She cannot bear listening to songs about her courageous husband: â€Å"†¦ But sing no more / this bitter tale that wears my heart away† (Homer 233). Nonetheless, the woman finds strength to think of her son and the entire kingdom. She manages to be thoughtful even in her grief. Admittedly, this is one of the features ascribed to heroes. Penelope’s Self-Sacrifice Furthermore, she is not only a wise and strong ruler. She is also a loving mother. She is also ready to sacrifice her entire life to secure her son’s future. She has to comply with the necessity to remarry as her son â€Å"is suffering as a result of the suitors’ devouring of his resources† (Said 298). The woman has to think of remarriage as her family as well as her son force her to do this as all think that Odysseus is no more alive: â€Å"Odysseus was not the only one at Troy / never to know the day of his homecoming† (Homer 234). Even Odysseus himself forces her to marry as on his departure he claims that she should remarry in case he does not come back when their son is already adult (Vetter 33). The wretched woman loves her husband and believes he is still alive and she hopes that her husband will come and take revenge: Ah, if he comes again, no falcon ever struck more suddenly than he will, with his son,Advertising Looking for research paper on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More to avenge this outrage! (Homer 445) However, she still cannot lament for the rest of her life as she is to take care of her child (Heitman 63). She understands that many people would like to be the rulers of Ithaca. She also understands that she is not able to resist all those suitors who can soon become enemies. These enemies can bring their troops to the gates of Ithaca. Thus, Penelope understands that only women, her young son and her old wretched father-in-law cannot resist an army of trained warriors. She understands that any resistance will lead to the fall of her homeland: â€Å"spurn them she dare not, though she hates that marriage† (Homer 231). Her son reveals the graveness of their position: We have no strong Odysseus to defend us, and as to putting up a fight ourselves – we’d only show our incompetence in arms. (Homer 237) She has to find the way out. The only way out for her is another marriage. She has to marry one of the suitors. Admittedly, this deed can be seen as incompatible to heroic deeds. However, in this case Penelope does perform a heroic deed. She sacrifices her feelings, and even her life to save her son and her land from destruction. Of course, she does not lead an army and she does not defeat her enemies. However, her submission should be considered heroic. Furthermore, sacrifice is often regarded as a heroic deed, no matter what kind of sacrifice it is. Therefore, Penelope is one of those heroes who sacrifice something for the good. She is not concerned with her own destiny as she strives to save her land and her son. This courage is inspiring. More so, even some men depicted in the epic do not reveal the same courage and self-sacrifice. Admittedly, Penelope should be considered as one of the heroes of the epic. Penelope’s Faithfulness She Tries the Suitors Apart from her readiness to sacrifice everything, Penelope has the courage and wits to remain faithful to her husband. In the first place, she tries to postpone the day she should make her decision. She is as cunning as her husband. She manages to deceive her suitors for three years weaving and unweaving (Heitman 63). At the same time she never stops inquiring about her husband: Every time some traveller comes ashore he has to tell my mistress his pretty tale, and she receives him kindly, questions him, remembering her prince, while the tears run down her cheeks†¦ (Homer 391) Penelope is unwilling to betray her husband or even his memory. Even when her secret is revealed and she is forced to make her decision, she still manages to postpone the day of her marriage. Penelope makes her suitors compete. Even when the wise woman understands that she has no choice and she has to choose a new husband, she makes a wise choice. She invents another trial for the suitors. She makes the suitors understand that she can marry only the most deserving man who could be as strong as Odysseus (Steinruck 113). She Tries Her Own Husband Apart f rom trials for her suitors, she wants to make sure that the man who claims to be her husband is really her beloved. Her faithfulness does not allow her to accept the man unless she is perfectly sure that the man is her husband. The woman feels that the beggar is her husband, but she wants to make sure (Steinruck 114). Steinruck suggests that Penelope understands that the beggar is Odysseus but still keeps asking and trying him â€Å"for the playful revenge she takes on Odysseus because he misled her† (114). Nonetheless, her reluctance is more likely to be a sign of her great faith. She makes everyone understand that there is only one man who can be beside her. It goes without saying that Penelope’s faithfulness is one of the features ascribed to heroes. Only real heroes can be that faithful to their beloved (or to some ideas). Penelope is faithful to both her husband and her idea of marriage. She believes she can belong to one man only and she remains faithful to this idea no matter what. It is also important to note that her faith makes her that courageous and wise. Like any other hero, Penelope is guided by her faith. She performs heroic deeds in the name of her ideas. This makes her one of the main heroes of the epic. Conclusion It is important to remember that Penelope is one of the main heroes of the epic. This courageous woman has all features of a great hero. She manages to keep the kingdom prosperous. It is necessary to note that she manages to rule even though women in Ancient Greece were to fulfill female tasks only. She does not exercise her power overtly. However, Penelope is a wise advisor who helps the young Telemachus to rule the kingdom. Apart from being a wise ruler (like any other hero), she is also ready to sacrifice everything. Thus, the kingdom as well as her own son is in danger, so she does not care about her well-being. Penelope is ready to remarry (which means death for her) in order to save her homeland. Finally, the wis e woman is faithful. She never betrays her husband, her love and her principles. Admittedly, this faithfulness can be regarded as a heroic feature. It is also important to note that Penelope should be considered a hero as she performs heroic deeds and she can be characterized by major heroic features. At the same time, she is a woman who has to comply with conventions of the patriarchal world. More so, she can be regarded as one of the major heroes as she reveals great courage to save the entire kingdom when her royal husband is away. Admittedly, Odysseus himself in many situations is not as courageous as his wise wife as the former often flees from dangerous situations whereas Penelope has to remain in the place where she can be destroyed. Penelope has the courage to face her enemies, which makes her a great hero. Clark, Susan H., and Valerie L. Schwiebert. Penelope’s Loom: A Metaphor of Women’s Development at Midlife. Journal of Humanistic Counseling, Education and Development 40.2 (2001): 161-171. Print. Clayton, Barbara. A Penelopean Poetics: Reweaving the Feminine in Homer’s Odyssey. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2004. Print. Heitman, Richard. Taking Her Seriously: Penelope the Plot of Homer’s Odyssey. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 2005. Print. Homer. Odyssey. The Norton Anthology of World Literature. Ed. Sarah Lawall et al. New York, NY: W.W. Norton Company, 2003. 225-516. Print. Said, Suzanne. Homer and the Odyssey. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2011. Print. Steinruck, Martin. The Suitors in the Odyssey: The Clash between Homer and Archilochus. New York, NY: Peter Lang Publishing, Inc., 2008. Print. Vetter, Lisa Pace. â€Å"Women’s Work† as Political Art: Weaving and Dialectical Politics in Homer, Aristophanes, and Plato. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2005. Print.

Anatomical Directional Terms and Body Planes

Anatomical Directional Terms and Body Planes Anatomical directional terms are like the directions on a compass rose of a map. Like the directions, North, South, East and West, they can be used to describe the locations of structures in relation to other structures or locations in the body. This is particularly useful when studying anatomy as it provides a common method of communication that helps to avoid confusion when identifying structures. Also as with a compass rose, each directional term often has a counterpart with converse or opposite meaning. These terms are very useful when describing the locations of structures to be studied in dissections. Anatomical directional terms can also be applied to the planes of the body. Body planes are used to describe specific sections or regions of the body. Below are examples of some commonly used anatomical directional terms and planes of the body. Anatomical Directional Terms Anterior: In front of, frontPosterior: After, behind, following, toward the rearDistal: Away from, farther from the originProximal: Near, closer to the originDorsal: Near the upper surface, toward the backVentral: Toward the bottom, toward the bellySuperior: Above, overInferior: Below, underLateral: Toward the side, away from the mid-lineMedial: Toward the mid-line, middle, away from the sideRostral: Toward the frontCaudal: Toward the back, toward the tailBilateral: Involving both sides of the bodyUnilateral: Involving one side of the bodyIpsilateral: On the same side of the bodyContralateral: On opposite sides of the bodyParietal: Relating to a body cavity wallVisceral: Relating to organs within body cavitiesAxial: Around a central axisIntermediate: Between two structures Anatomical Body Planes Imagine a person standing in an upright position. Now imagine dissecting this person with imaginary vertical and horizontal planes. This is the best way to describe anatomical planes. Anatomical planes can be used to describe any body part or an entire body. (View a detailed body plane image.) Lateral Plane or Sagittal Plane: Imagine a vertical plane that runs through your body from front to back or back to front. This plane divides the body into right and left regions. Median or Midsagittal Plane: Sagittal plane that divides the body into equal right and left regions.Parasagittal Plane: Sagittal plane that divides the body into unequal right and left regions. Frontal Plane or Coronal Plane: Imagine a vertical plane that runs through the center of your body from side to side. This plane divides the body into front (anterior) and back (posterior) regions. Transverse Plane: Imagine a horizontal plane that runs through the midsection of your body. This plane divides the body into upper (superior) and lower (inferior) regions. Anatomical Terms: Examples Some anatomical structures contain anatomical terms in their names that help identify their position in relation to other body structures or divisions within the same structure. Some examples include the anterior and posterior pituitary, superior and inferior venae cavae, the median cerebral artery, and the axial skeleton. Affixes (word parts that are attached to base words) are also useful in describing the position of anatomical structures. These prefixes and suffixes give us hints about the locations of body structures. For example, the prefix (para-) means near or within. The parathyroid glands are located on the posterior side of the thyroid. The prefix epi- means upper or outermost. The epidermis is the outermost skin layer. The prefix (ad-) means near, next to, or toward. The adrenal glands are located atop the kidneys. Anatomical Terms: Resources Understanding anatomical directional terms and body planes will make it easier to study anatomy. It will help you to be able to visualize positional and spatial locations of structures and navigate directionally from one area to another. Another strategy that can be employed to help you visualize anatomical structures and their positions is to use study aids such as anatomy coloring books and flashcards. It may seem a bit juvenile, but coloring books and review cards actually help you to visually comprehend the information.