Choice and Free Will Essay -- Psychology

â€Å"Free will† is the power of acting without the constraint of necessity or fate. Free will has long been debated by scholars, philosophers, and psychologists. It is a subject that has been argued, theorized, and predicted to the extent of human ability, but recent data has been brought up by two psychologists named Shirley Matile Ogletree and Crystal D. Oberle. These two psychologists assess surveys given to college level students to evaluate the â€Å"common† or â€Å"plain† perspective of free will. They also bring up the questions like â€Å"Is free will compatible with determinism?,† â€Å"What is meant by free will and determinism by the average person?,† and â€Å"Does it make a difference what attitudes people have regarding free will and determinism?† Free will and deterministic perspectives are exceedingly argumentative points of view with hard deterministic views describing free will as non existent, and libertarian views d escribing free will as freely chosen actions being done by an autonomic organism, which led me to believe that both agents are apart of everyday choices with the free will perspective being a more logical and acceptable way of assessing human behavior. Ogletree and Oberle describe hard determinism â€Å"as completely caused by a combination of genetics, past experiences, and current circumstance, also clearly supports the incompatibility of determinism and free will—free will simply doesn’t exist.† This perspective is the most extreme of all deterministic views. It is a view that the authors of my source perceive as the explanation of human behavior. Although, there are other deterministic views held by others that do not take this extreme position. Soft determinism can be explained as humans being exhibited to both det... ...etic base pair of the possible three billion differences, the one different nucleic acid, the one different protein, and all the way down to the non living particles of which we were created from. It is this difference in each one of us that stems choice. The presence of choice is considered, to me, as free will. When fate lends its hand out to us with another option, fate, itself, is offering us choice, but is the choice we make already chosen for us? Works Cited Oberle, Crystal and Ogletree, Shirley . â€Å"The Nature, Common Usage, And Implications Of Free Will And Determinism.† Behavior and Philosophy. 1 December 2008. 1 December 2010. Coon, Dennis and Mitterer, John. â€Å"Psychology: A Journey.† Printed in the United States. 2010

Marriage Under 18 Years Old

â€Å"She may do nothing against God’s will, but many things she must against her own will if her husband require her. † Population council said more than 51 million girls younger than 18 are already married in 2003. In the world teenagers are making a family when they are so young. God created and created family to feel happiness, rest and peace. Marriage was not men idea, only God’s idea. So God thought â€Å"To provide a helpful mate for Adam, it was not good that man should be alone. † Marriage is a very blessing by God to men. But many people don’t worry about importance of marriage. May be some of these couple will have difficulties. But some people strongly agree that teenagers are able to marriage by their decisions. God always gave people choice about marriage. In the world teenagers became immoral. They get much information which they don’t need from TV, internet, friends and many things. People usually learn and practice that information. Teens are usually not prepared for marriage, spiritually, mentally and physically. Maybe only handful can be. Before marriage especially man must be grown enough by his spiritual life more than physically. God created man to lead his family, not woman. So man must be responsible with everything. Some man became adult but he is baby by his spiritual life. This guy never can be good husband. Because the marriage is not only sex or playing a game. In other word teenagers are young and if they are not prepared for spiritual they will have so many difficulties. In real life many teenagers are not outgrown and irresponsible. So if they are married at time they must continuing school it would be barrier for them. Therefore early married is reason of problems will come one by one because of they couldn’t get education. For instance: The biggest problem is exactly going to face with financial problems. Especially in Mongolia, it is not easy to get good job with high salaries if they are not educated. Young couple’s one of the most important problem is children. One of ways for the young couples to overcome their financial difficulties is that they both have well jobs and that they participate in making the family budget. In case, at that time they have a child that would be hard for them. So men’s obligation will grow. Women needs care more than before when they are being at gestation. If they are face with unwanted pregnancy, all of the young couples decide to do abortion or adopt their children. Reasons for divorce are formed because they didn’t learn how to deal with different problems. Their tension problems get to divorce with bad results. For example: Children orphan hood, couples hurt, wasting times, using drugs and alcohols etc. After that they will remarried with someone and divorce again. That will make them unhappy, unfaithful feelings and they begin to refuse themselves. Even though younger couples surely face with many problems, there are advantages. For example: When younger couples got adult age their children will be grown already. It makes them spend royalty times rest of their life. So they took already big experiences from life and passed away worries. Teen couples probably figure that because they feel like they are in love, they should take that extra step. In my opinion parents have to be responsible for their children when they are teenager. Because if children will make one mistake in the future result may be not a good. When I will be father if my son or daughter is ready to marriage I could agree him or she. But they have to be older than twenty. Under eighteen years old means they are still in authority of their parents. They should imitate their parents about how they understand, support, love, care of each other. If they could learn from their parents they might be well. Finally teenagers must to prepare for their future by their spiritual life, education, mental and physically.

Psittacosaurus - Facts and Figures

Psittacosaurus - Facts and Figures Name: Psittacosaurus (Greek for parrot lizard); pronounced sih-TACK-oh-SORE-us Habitat: Scrublands and deserts of Asia Historical Period: Early to middle Cretaceous (120 to 100 million years ago) Size and Weight: About 3 to 6 feet long and 50 to 175 pounds, depending on species Diet: Plants Distinguishing Characteristics: Short, blunt head with curved beak; small horns on cheeks About Psittacosaurus As you may have guessed from its name, Greek for parrot lizard, what set Psittacosaurus apart from other dinosaurs of the Cretaceous period was its distinctly un-dinosaur-like head. This plant-eaters curved beak made it somewhat reminiscent of a parrot, but otherwise, its squat noggin was distinctly tortoise-like. (One shouldnt draw too much from this analogy; Psittacosaurus, and other ornithischian dinosaurs like it, werent directly ancestral to modern birds, an honor that belongs to saurischian dinosaurs.) Although its often depicted in a four-legged posture, paleontologists believe some species of Psittacosaurus (there are at least 10 currently named) walked or ran on two legs. (A new study concludes that this dinosaur scuttled around on four legs as a juvenile, then assumed a bipedal posture thanks to a growth spurt in its hind legs.) Psittacosaurus seems to have led a relatively quiet life, although the horns on its faceprobably a sexually selected characteristicindicate that the males may have engaged in combat with each other for the right to mate with females. Theres also solid evidence that Psittacosaurus cared for its young after they hatched, like the distantly related duck-billed dinosaurs Maiasaura and Hypacrosaurus. By the way, you wouldnt know it from its small, unprepossessing appearance (six feet from head to tail and 200 pounds, max, for the largest species), but Psittacosaurus is classified as a ceratopsianthe family of horned, frilled dinosaurs the most famous members of which were the much later Triceratops, Protoceratops, and Styracosaurus. In fact, Psittacosaurus was one of the most basal ceratopsians, predated only by the late Jurassic Chaoyangsaurus and itself a close cousin to a bewildering array of proto-ceratopsian genera, including Yinlong and Leptoceratops.

Combating Compassion Fatigue Essays

Combating Compassion Fatigue Essays Combating Compassion Fatigue Paper Combating Compassion Fatigue Paper Compassion is an essential attribute that nurses must posses in order to provide appropriate care to the patients and families they come in contact with. Nurses work many long shifts taking care of sick patients and grieving families, and may not take the time to care for their physical, emotional and spiritual needs properly. After a while, the long hours and stress may catch up with them and cause compassion fatigue or even burnout. Nurses must learn to care for themselves first and foremost in order to be healthy, happy and spiritually sound, and this in turns allows them to provide great care to their patients as well as their own family. The purpose of this paper is to identify the warning signs of compassion fatigue, explain the physical, emotional and spiritual needs of the caregiver and share examples of coping strategies and resources for nurses. Compassion fatigue â€Å"is characterized by deep physical and emotional exhaustion and a pronounced change in the helper’s ability to feel empathy for their patients, their loved ones and their co-workers†(Mathieu, 2007). When a nurse experiences this type of fatigue, it is important to be aware of what is happening because their current state must be addressed and dealt with in order to prevent further complications. Compassion fatigue â€Å"is marked by increased cynicism at work, a loss of enjoyment of our career, and eventually can transform into depression, secondary traumatic stress and stress-related illnesses†(Mathieu, 2007). The Cleveland Clinic (2009) states that â€Å"caregiver burnout is a state of physical, emotional, and mental exhaustion that may be accompanied by a change in attitude from positive and caring to negative and unconcerned. † Burnout happens when a nurse focuses to much on meeting the demands of the job and less on taking care of the physical, emotional and spiritual needs of oneself. Caregiver burnout not only happens to nurses and health care provides, but to family members that are taking care of a loved one as well. Warning Signs of Compassion Fatigue There are a number of warning signs for compassion fatigue, but each person will develop different signs unique to their situation. Some of the signs include exhaustion, reduced ability to feel sympathy and empathy, dread of working with certain patients, diminished sense of enjoyment of nursing, and difficulty of separating work life from personal life. When a caregiver experiences compassion fatigue, they typically will go through five stages including the idealistic phase, the irritability phase, the withdraw phase, the zombie phase and the pathology and victimization or maturation and renewal. Each phase has unique characteristics that the caregiver will exhibit. The characteristics of the first phase or the idealistic phase is normal and how a caregiver should feel including being motivated and ready to solve problems, a desire to make a difference, volunteer to assist and full of energy and enthusiasm. The second phase or the irritability phase begins when the caregiver starts to cut corners, avoid patients, being to disregard their own wellness, lose focus and start distancing themselves from friends and family. The withdraw phase is the third phase and this begins when the nurse starts to lose patience with the patient, neglects oneself and others, has chronic fatigue and views them self as the victim. The next phase is the zombie phase which is characterized by being easily angry, dislike of others, loss of sense of humor and personality and seeing others as incompetent. The last phase can be when the caregiver either chooses pathology and victimization or maturation and renewal. Either the nurse becomes to overwhelmed to deal with the situation and decides to change profession or develops a physical illness or the caregiver takes time to seek help and take care of the issue at hand and continues providing care for others. Needs of the Caregiver Nursing and other caregivers must understand the importance of taking care of themselves physically, emotionally and spiritually. Providing the best care to patients includes taking care of oneself. Physical health includes a healthy diet, exercise and getting enough rest and relaxation. Without these three crucial things â€Å"the body rebels with decreased immunity to common illnesses† (GCU, 2011). No only does the health care provider need to preserve good physical health, but â€Å"it is about being present with one’s feelings, sensations and intuitive guidance in order to detect what is best in any given moment† (Portnoy, 2011). Emotional health is an individuals over all well being and how a persons feels about them self. Emotionally healthy individuals are able to manage their feeling easily, balance work and home life and feel a sense of satisfaction. â€Å"People with good emotional health have an ability to bounce back from adversity, trauma, and stress†(Smith, Segal Segal, 2013), this is called resilience. Each person is different and may require different methods of dealing with emotional stress, the important thing is to establish the method that works for the individual and maintain that in order to restore emotional health. Being spiritually healthy is highly relevant to the wellness of a health care provider because this gives them meaning to life and what they do. â€Å"Just as the physical body needs rest, recuperation, and healthy nutrition, the soul need time for spiritual restoration, encouragement, and faith-building†(GCU, 2011). Spirituality may consist of praying, reading the bible or attending church, and will vary with each individual, but whats most important is to remain spiritually sound in order to cope with daily stresses and provide care with compassion and consideration. Coping Strategies The best way to cope with compassion fatigue is to prevent it by knowing the warning signs, but there are also coping strategies that can effectively help health care providers overcome it. Recognizing and acknowledging the sign and symptoms is the first step in conquering compassion fatigue. Next the symptoms need to be addressed so that the person can understand them and why it is happening. There may also be internal conflict that needs to be evaluated. Finding some sort of support to help the individual through this time and being able to talk about what their needs are can help with overcoming the fatigue. If this does not help the person cope with the situation at hand, professional help may need to be considered to treat their compassion fatigue. Again, this is where physical, emotional and spiritual health are very important. Being physically, emotionally and spiritually intact will contribute to an easier recovery or possibly avoidance of compassion fatigue and even burnout. Knowing the resources that are available to nurses and health care providers for compassion fatigue is key to helping them restore themselves. Health care facilities should provide some type of programs that focus on fighting compassion fatigue and burnout. There are many online resources such as www. myselfcare. org that provides articles and quizzes that discuss fatigue and burnout. If an individual is suffering from compassion fatigue and having a hard time coping they may need to be seen by a doctor to address the severity and need for further counseling. In conclusion, the most important job a nurse has is to take care of themselves mentally, physically and spiritually in order to provide the best care to the patients and families they take care of. A health care worker should be aware of the warning signs of compassion fatigue in order to circumvent the problems that it triggers. Health care providers need to remember that without being healthy in all aspects of their mind, body and soul, they cannot provide the best care for the patients as well as their own family.

No Sex Before Marriage Essays

No Sex Before Marriage Essays No Sex Before Marriage Essay No Sex Before Marriage Essay I know sex before marriage is not the right thing to do, but why? Who has the right to tell me that it is wrong? There are so many different perceptions toward this central knowledge claim. I have been told in church, by my priest that sex before marriage is bad- this called authority. Authority is an important part of how we believe and act. Is authority always right? Authority is only sometimes a one man descion, which then is only one person’s perception towards it. Our religions Christianity, Islamic, Jewish and other religions have said that sex before marriage is a sin and shouldn’t be conducted. Authority’s strength is that many people follow them, so it creates a combined believe. The weakness for authority, its only one-person perception. Feeling can create thinking that sex before marriage is bad, if we don’t feel very comfortable become someone has told us, we believe that sex isn’t good before marriage which then creates personal feelings. The weakness towards feeling is that you can’t always know exactly how you’re feeling. The strengths are that we feel more comfortable following our gut feelings. Social norm, everyone else is doing it which then makes you follow him or her. We do that in an every day life, I also do that. When someone else has it, you want it to because you don’t want to feel left out. This goes back to authority, many people use celebrities in their advertisements and many people look up to them because they pretty and successful and are so famous and causes people to think if they do or have what that person has, it makes them pretty, successful and famous. Sex before marriage has become a less serious matter, because of newer generation creating new technology for safe sex and also many people aren’t getting married anymore, and just being partners for life. Rules are changing and authority is changing and many people are going again no sex before marriage.

Enculturation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Enculturation - Essay Example I was not a little kid, and my mother did not need to say that grandpa would not come to play with me. I became very sad, and my mother openly talked with me and explained that when our closest people died, they went to a better place. It was difficult for me to believe that grandpa was actually dead. It was the first time I experienced death in my family circle. I had seen death in cartoon and movies, but it was so distant that I had no idea how to cope with feelings related to the loss. Discussion with my mother helped me to understand that our closest people stayed with us in our memories even when they died. She comforted me and showed that she also was sad. Perhaps, her understanding was more helpful than words in that situation. When grandpa died, the atmosphere in our family changed. Parents did not laugh or spent their days as usual. They also wore more black clothing items to show that they were mourning. They were involved in the preparation for funerals and had to arranged many things. The organization of the funeral had to be fast and perfect, so my parents paid much attention to it. I had already observed many things related to the formal part of the funeral, so I did not require additional explanations concerning my behavior. I had more problems with coping with death emotionally. It was difficult to express the feeling of loss because it was so deep. My parents told me that during the funerals people were not expected to hide their feelings. On the contrary, the whole procedure was designed to expressed their sadness. From the movies and observations I had already known that people would be sad; some of them would cry. Being 10 years old, I understood how I was expected to behave during the funeral. Even though some of our relatives arrived with kids, it was not the right place to discuss something or play. All people who arrived at the funeral were dressed in black or dark

Advertising review Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Advertising review - Assignment Example This promotional tool is thus utilised by companies with the objective of creating better awareness among customers in the market segments in relation to their products and/or services [1] (The University of Sydney, 2013). Coca-Cola is a world-renowned beverage company established in the year 1986 that has been operating quite competitively on a global context. The company is perceived to be executing its business activities in beyond 200 countries currently. Moreover, the company is recorded to be offering around 500 brands to its consumers in the worldwide market. In its marketing tactics, the company has been utilising various promotional strategies with the objective of performing its various business activities in a successful and competitive manner within its wide-ranging market segments. In this respect, it has been observed that the company uses extensive advertisement practices, especially through the audio-visual media such as television and internet for developing better a wareness among consumers (The Coca-Cola Company, 2011). For instance, in 2011, the company used an effective promotional strategy named ‘Share a Coke’ campaign with 150 different popular first names of individuals printed on the bottles and cans along with the brand name of the company. The campaign was launched within the beverage market of Australia. The campaign was promoted through advertisements in television and other internet medium which included FaceBook as well as websites (Digital Advance Limited, 2013). Taking the example of this advertisement campaign, the discussion henceforth will intend to discuss the strengths as well as weaknesses of the ‘Share a Coke’ campaign organised by Coca-Cola in its Australian market. Moreover, the discussion will also emphasize on strategies to be recommended in order to improve the effectiveness of the campaign. A Critical Review of the Campaign In Relation To Its Strengths and Weaknesses The ‘Share a Cokeà ¢â‚¬â„¢ campaign was organized and executed in the beverage market of Australia in the year 2011 targeting the young generation buyers. In accordance with the campaign, the first names of 150 different individuals of Australia were to be printed on the bottles as well as cans of Coke. This in turn was expected to build enthusiasm among the young buyers and thus assist in obtaining the main objective of creating better awareness among the customers about the products offered by Coca-Cola. In the short run, the campaign was also expected to improve the sales volume and profit margin of the company in the Australian beverage industry. Source: (YouTube, 2012) Strengths of the ‘Share a Coke’ Campaign The Coca-Cola Company is recognised to be one of the world’s leading ‘Fast Moving Consumer Goods’ (FMCG) companies which have been a pioneer in executing some of the unique but quite effective marketing campaigns. Likewise, the major strength of its ‘Sh are a Coke’ campaign in Australia can be recognised as its target to teens as well as young adult consumers. Additionally, in targeting the youth, the company focused on making use of attractive audio-visual media such as the social media through internet and television which are extensively used by this generation and is further perceived to be highly persuasive for this particular group of consumers. Moreover, the company with the assistance of this campaign was facilitated with the opportunity of offering its products availing a better public awareness program. Prior