SOURCE EVALUATION Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

SOURCE EVALUATION - Essay Example Therefore, for football games to be peaceful, it is important that the origin of hooliganism be understood. It is also, essential to find out what causes unrest among football suppoters and the issue be addressed by the world football governing body; FIFA. According to Ramon (11), football hooliganism is a social problem that causes a lot of anxiety among people in different countries in Europe. The study of hooliganism is therefore a major step in addressing the vice. This book, provides the reader with the social approaches to this issue and their limitations. â€Å"Among sociological study of hooliganism, three quite clearly delineated approaches can be distinguished: the Marxist approaches by Ian Taylor and John Clarke; and (iii) the post modernist approaches by Giulanotti and Redhead.† The source, â€Å"Understanding human hooliganism: A comparison of six western European football clubs† is very relevant given the rising cases of hooliganism in the world. For example, on February 03, 2014 the mirror daily newspaper reported that police are looking for three football supporters who were alleged to have thrown coins into the field. In summary, this source is very important and relevant to any student or researcher, this is because it addresses an issue which has a very negative social impact and if not addressed properly; will affect the football industry, which is currently practiced by thousands of

The Korean War Essay Example for Free

The Korean War Essay The Korean War was one of the infamous proxy wars waged during the tense Cold War period, between the United States of America and the Soviet Union. In that period, the overwhelming concern facing the free world, helmed by America, was the realization of the Truman Doctrine, which in effect included the containment of the Soviet Union and the aversion of an ominous political and military phenomenon known as the Domino Effect. The Domino Effect was the belief that should a state or country fall into the throes of Communism, surrounding countries would one by one begin to fall into the hands of the Soviet Union, heralding the very real possibility of a Third World War and all-out nuclear war. Hostilities began on the 25th of June, 1950, apparently instigated by the North Koreans – more specifically, the Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea Army (Evanhoe, Ed. 2002 http://www. korean-war. com/TimeLine/1950/06-25to08-03-50. html). The South Korean response and the United States’ support for the military engagement began in earnest within the next couple of days. The war escalated through the following months, and casualties mounted on both sides till an armistice was signed on 27 July, 1953. The war could be viewed in three distinct phases, i. e. the Opening Situation – from June to September 1950, the United Nations counterattack – from September to November 1950, and toward the ceasefire line – November 1950 to July 1953 (Dwight D. Eisenhower, p. 173). For the United States, it was a costly involvement that saw a total of 29,557 deaths, 92,934 wounded, and 7,245 interred as prisoners-of-war (Evanhoe, Ed. 2002 http://www. korean-war. com/TimeLine/1953/timeline1953. html). Yet, it was seen as a very necessary action in the light of the international political arena both then and now. The Korean War was an important preface to the Vietnam War, which saw a much more heavy engagement and stunning military losses suffered by the United States. It was the major conflict that occurred after World War II, and should be recognized as such because of the significant implications that surrounded its conflagration and escalation. It is notable as the powers that be supplying the elements and process of war really belonged to the United States, the Soviet Union, and China. That the war was waged on Korean soil by the North and South Koreans was just a physical representation. Again, this conflict was perpetuated by ideological and political differences and would be fleshed out over again in another time on another turf. The Korean War was at once both critical and unfortunate. It is referred to sometimes as the Forgotten War, simply because it was sandwiched between World War II and the Vietnam War, the former because of the horrific scale of the conflict and the latter because of the intricacies and long-drawn out battle timeline. Psychologically, however, the Korean War represented an important milestone for anti-communist sentiments and international support for a United States military presence as the World leader, and the global policeman. In truth, the Korean War in the eyes of the United States was more of a police action than a war – that was an appropriate response to unsolicited hostilities waged against their key ally. One might be forgiven for the view that the Korean War was much ado about nothing, for there was very little real land reallocation and it ended in a technical stalemate (Korean War History Guide, n. d. http://history. searchbeat. com/koreanwar. htm). There was plenty of huff and puff on all sides, and there were many peace negotiations and overtures throughout. Today, the war has not officially ended, and both Koreas are still technically at war. They had been observing an uncertain peace for the last fifty years and one can surmise that without the vitriolic might and fervor of both the Soviet Union and China that existed then in that period of world history, North Korea had no real impetus to engage the South in yet another conflict. Today also, the world is witnessing a very isolated North Korea devoid of even its closest ally’s support, for it is not in China’s interest in all respects to support any possible conflagration. Should North Korea choose to be an enfant terrible and pick a fight with the South, it would really be doing so as a lonely and desperate attempt to regain its largely irrelevant dominance and imagined presence on the world stage. No longer would it be a thinly-cloaked war of belligerence waged by the Communist powers that be. REFERENCES Dwight D. Eisenhower, Mandate for Change: 1953-56 (Garden City, NY: Doubleday Company, Inc. 1963), p. 173 Evanhoe, Ed. 2002 http://www. korean-war. com/TimeLine/1950/06-25to08-03-50. html Retrieved on 30 May 2010. Evanhoe, Ed. 2002 http://www. korean-war. com/TimeLine/1953/timeline1953. html Retrieved on 30 May 2010. Korean War History Guide, n. d. http://history. searchbeat. com/koreanwar. htm Retrieved on 30 May 2010.

The Development Of Tourism In Kerala

The Development Of Tourism In Kerala In the book KERALAS Economic Development Performance and Problems in the Post-Liberalization Period by B. A. Prakash, there is an article on Tourism Development in Kerala by Nalini Netto which says that Kerala has emerged as an undisputed tourism hotspot of India with its catchy promotional logo Gods Own Country. National Geographic Traveler, in a landmark issue in 2000, rated Kerala in Paradise Found category. Ever since the govt. of India declared tourism as an industry in 1986 and Kerala was the first state to declare so, Kerala is doing aggressive marketing of tourism product by establishing Tourism Mart in Kochi which has its links with national and global tourism bodies like South Asia Travel and Tourism Exchange, Travel Agent Association of India (TAAI), Pacific Asia Tourism Association (PATA) etc. Government of Kerala is also playing role of facilitator and regulator for the prosperity and growth of the tourism sector by encouraging private participations in the sector. Government is providing subsidy of 10 percent on capital investment in the sector subject to maximum 10 Lakh with additional subsidy of 15 percent on the investment in pollution control facilities and equipment. Kerala with 600 Km coast line offers one of the best beaches in India. Western Ghats provide few finest hill stations for summer resort. Rich ecological forest, wild life reserves and backwaters provide a full eye soothing natural beauty to the state. Ayurveda, the health tourism product is another USP of Kerala Tourism due to abundance of herbs and medicinal plants. The earnings from tourism in the state in 2001 were estimated to be Rs. 535 crore. This book also emphasizes that this sector still has unused potential which if utilized in an environmentally conscious way can generate more revenue for the state and the country. [2] In the book on Tourism Marketing by Devahish Dasgupta in the chapter of Destination Branding: Building Brand Equity a case study is presented on Measuring Brand Performance -A Kerala Survey in which analysis of the survey on the brand performance of Kerala is given which was conducted in India and abroad, featuring countries such as Spain, France, Denmark, Italy, Belgium and other countries. People, who have not visited Kerala before, responded that they came to know about the state by word of mouth and wanted to visit. People, who had already visited Kerala expressed that they had a memorable experience in Kerala. This case study talked about effective marketing strategies to undertake market research to indentify and assemble a highly attractive product should be developed to differentiate from competing tourist destinations. More emphasis is given to Tourist-centric products and issues relating to price, security, health, safety and quality should be studied. It says that failure to build and sustain destination brand equity or the value of brand in the minds of potential visitors and investor, can lead to economic decline. [3] Article by E T N, Global Travel Industry News Tourism is contributor to The Growth of The Economy The Tourism Minister Kumari Selja has said that development of infrastructure holds the key to the growth of tourism and that is why the Government is investing heavily for integrated development of the Infrastructure Sector. She said that Tourism Sector, with 9.24% share of employment, accords a perfect opportunity to translate our vision of inclusive growth to reality. [4] In an essay written on Medical Tourism in India: Progress or Predicament? by Sunita Reddy and Imrana Qadeer, it is estimated that the size of the medical tourism market in the country will be Rs 1, 95,000 crore in 2012. The essay also examines the implications of medical tourism for general medical care and how such policy shifts distort health systems. This analysis raises questions of accessibility, affordability, and ethics in medical care, and asks if it is sensible to promote medical tourism in a democratic welfare state, with poor public healthcare facilities for the masses. [5] Contentious and contradictions of tourism as development option : a case of Kerala, India by T T Sreekumar, Govindan Parayil The projected picture of an emerging vitality in the tourism sector in Kerala stands in stark contrast to the general scenario of the poor performance of the tourism industry in India, as well as in South Asia in general. This paper takes a closer look at this scenario by placing Keralas performance against the larger backdrop of tourism dynamics as experienced in Third World countries in general and South Asia in particular. It shows that no effort has been made so far to assess the environmental sustain-ability of keeping tourism as a high-growth option, given the fragile nature of Keralas environment and the carrying capacity of the major tourist destinations. It further reveals that the increasing comparative advantage of developing countries has not yet resulted in any significant rise in their share in global tourism arrivals and receipts and the regions which are able to grab the lions share of tourism arrivals and receipts are the economically advanced ones. In Indias case, the fact that tourism contributes to 6.9% of its total export earnings is not an insignificant point and Kerala tourism sectors share in the State Domestic Product (SDP) remains at less than 1 % even after a decade of concerted efforts to boost the tourism industry. The belief that tourism has become an engine of growth in Kerala is hence unfounded. Tourism is making only a marginal contribution to the local economy, its harmful impacts on the ecology of the region are becoming increas-ingly visible [6] Kerala: Exploring Future Frontiers in Tourism Development by Dept. of tourism, Kerala This book talks about the possibilities and problems for tourism in Kerala. A fully literate population and astonishing geographical diversity full of beaches, backwaters, wildlife sanctuaries and evergreen forests in the smallest area possible, are factors that helps Kerala transform into an Important tourist state in India. On the other hand, high density of population, consequent non availability of land, lack of professional training and distance from the important cities of India are all negative factors which constraint its overall growth as a tourism destination. [7] Reinventing Kerala : A success story by R. Krishnakumar This article discusses about a series of innovative concepts and projects developed by the state to reinvigorate the States tourism sector without diluting its commitment to conserve nature. It is multi-destination tourism at its best, offering a multitude of variegated experiences and attractions within a relatively small area, luring tourists into staying longer and spending more. In order to attract foreign tourists new tourism concepts such as monsoon tourism, medical tourism, adventure tourism, heritage tourism, pilgrimage tourism, eco tourism, and farm tourism are being developed and popularized. In order to encourage more private sector investment and to conserve nature, a number of Special Tourism Zones are to be identified and developed under the purview of the Kerala Tourism (Conservation and Preservation of Areas) Act, 2005, which envisages the conservation, preservation and integrated development of such areas. Unexplored or lesser-known areas, especially in the Malabar r egion, traditional skills, handicrafts, art forms, and new tourism products are to be developed and marketed to sustain tourist interest. With new initiatives in providing better infrastructure and trained human resource, Kerala tourism is putting all its efforts with the slogan of vision 2025: Conserve Nature and Culture and Promote Tourism in order to achieve sustainable growth. [8] Tourist arrivals in India: how important are domestic disorders? by Dhariwal, Richa India, with its rich natural beauty, is unquestionably a destination that should promote tourism and it has taken various measures to do this, but the tourism potential of the country has still not been maximized. In the past few years, Indian tourism industry is significantly contributing to the nations gross domestic product, foreign exchange earnings and employment. This paper analyses the determinants of international tourist arrivals in India using annual data from 1966 to 2000 and the results show that sociopolitical factors communalism, terrorism and tensions with Pakistan constitute serious threats to the tourism industry, limiting the gains that could otherwise have been realized. Methodology Quantitative Methods To address the research question we will try to answer some related issues and objectives using quantitative methods as illustrated below: Objective 1: To determine whether there is any change in the volume of inbound tourists over the years and what can be the expected projections in the arrival and the growth rate. We will collect data from Kerala Tourism department and will conduct a regression analysis in order to estimate the volume of tourism in the future. This would let us know the importance of the need to boost tourism both domestic and international through promotions. Objective 2: Is there any trend of decline in no. of International tourists arriving to the state. Our hypothesis would be as follows: Null Hypothesis: Number of tourists to Kerala does not decrease Alternate Hypothesis: Number of tourists to Kerala decreases From the simple linear regression we will find out if the prediction for tourists for the forthcoming years or increases with a certain percentage (95%) of confidence level. Objective 3: What is currently the volume of domestic tourists to the state, and what are the projections one can expect without any additional focused marketing efforts. (maintaining the current level of activity) We will obtain the information about the month wise domestic tourists arrival from the Kerala state department personals and website. We will plot the seasonal pattern seen in the inflow of tourists for any two years. After doing a regression on the obtained statistics, we can get the results for domestic tourists inflow annually Data Collection Questionnaires: A questionnaire was designed to target tourists in and around major tourist spots in Kozhikode like Kappad Beach. Specific questions were asked in order to get the true picture of the situation and help to segment the data. For segmentation, we will use Cluster analysis on the set of data collected by the questionnaire. The questionnaire will try to focus on the interest of the tourists regarding the purpose of their visits, transportation mode convenient to them and their future plans to revisit the tourist destinations. Questionnaire we will be using is attached in the Appendix A. Focus Group Discussion: We will conduct a focus group discussion of about 10 people. These are students of IIM Kozhikode with keen interest in touring. These people want their vacations to be fun-filled, relaxing and rejuvenating, especially an escape from the hectic schedules and work stress. Demographically also they are similar with almost same age group and similar incomes. Moderator will ask them the questions about on what parameters they judge a tourist spot and regarding their opinions about the service and infrastructure facilities in the tourist spots they visited. Focus Group Discussion details are included in the Appendix B Qualitative Methods Since it is difficult to go far off places in kerala, we will be using the observation method in the qualitative method to be congruent with the research question. Data will be collected from the major tourist agencies, national tourism sites and state tourism centre which would help us analyse qualitatively the number of tourist that are visiting Kerala year after year. In case of survey regarding the tourist, the type of measurement scale used will depend on individual questions in the questionnaire. For example, to determine the major tourism places in kerala. Scaling is a method of changing attributes (a series of qualitative facts) into variables (a quantitative series). Ordinal scale will fit better for the purpose. For collecting data on the tourist preference, we will be using Likert scale to measure the responses. It will be used to determine the attitude of the tourist coming to India. Analysis Objective 1: To determine whether there is any change in the volume of inbound international tourists and what can be the expected projections in arrivals and growth rate Using the foreign tourist inflow data from Kerala Tourism department, we carried out a regression analysis in order to estimate the volume of international tourism in the near future. This would let us know the importance of the need to supplement domestic tourists with international tourists. The figures of the number of foreign tourists and the variance as compared to the previous year are shown in the table below:- YEAR Foreign Tourists Growth 2000 209933 3.8 2001 208830 -0.5 2002 232564 11.3 2003 294621 26.7 2004 345546 17.3 2005 346499 0.27 2006 428534 23.7 2007 515808 20.37 2008 598929 16.11 2009 549756 -8.2 From SPSS analysis for the above collected data. From Above SPSS Model, Eqn. will be Y= 46110*X + 119502 Here Y= No of Foreign Tourists in a particular year X=Year (we have taken value of x for year 2000 as 1 and subsequently for next year.) Using the above regression model we can predict the international tourists for the next five years as shown in following table. YEAR EXPECTED FOREIGN TOURISTS EXPECTED GROWTH (%) 2010 626712 13.99821 2011 672822 7.3574465 2012 718932 6.8532242 2013 765042 6.4136803 2014 811152 6.0271201 Objective 2: Is there any trend of decline in no. of International tourists arriving to the state. In order to find out the above objective we use hypothesis testing Null Hypothesis: Number of international tourists to Kerala is not decreasing. Alternate Hypothesis: Number of international tourists to Kerala is decreasing. From the simple linear regression we can see that the prediction for international tourists for the forthcoming years seem to decrease with 95% confidence and hence we accept the null hypothesis i.e. No. of international tourists to Kerala is not decreasing. Objective 3: What is currently the volume of domestic tourists to the state, and what are the projections one can expect without any additional focused marketing efforts. (maintaining the current level of activity) We obtained the information about the domestic tourists from the Kerala state department. The figures are as follows: Year Domestic Tourists Growth 2000 5013221 2.6 2001 5329692 4.5 2002 5568256 6.3 2003 5871228 5.4 2004 5972182 1.7 2005 5946423 -0.43 2006 6271724 5.47 2007 6642941 5.91 2008 7591250 14.27 2009 7789056 2.6 From Above SPSS Model, Eqn. will be Y= 287046*X + 4621000 Here Y= No of Domestic Tourists in a particular year X=Year (we have taken value of x for year 2000 as 1 and subsequently for next year.) Using the above regression model we can predict the international tourists for the next five years as shown in following table. YEAR EXPECTED DOMESTIC TOURISTS EXPECTED GROWTH(%) 2010 7778506 -0.1 2011 8065552 3.7 2012 8352598 3.6 2013 8639644 3.4 2014 8926690 3.3 Secondary data Collection: In order to obtain data, we took the help of online search for tourism data. We found that the number of tourists has been increasing. But the growth rate could have been more. The characteristics of the tourists have been seen to be urban based. They are young and employed. Primary Data collection: A questionnaire was designed to target specific groups of people in 4 Metros (Bangalore, Bombay, Delhi and Chennai) who are in job and also students of IIM Kozhikode. Specific questions were asked in order to get the true picture of the situation and help us to segment the data. Around 36 responses were obtained without missing values. The rest were separated out. Initially, we looked at 10 different attributes i.e. Shopping, Historical Importance, Weather, Hospitality, Relaxation, Connectivity, Events, Adventure, Proximity and Value for money. Respondents to the questionnaire were asked about their opinion regarding the attribute importance for any destination. Then we went on to do a Factor analysis to identify the most significant factors and their correlations. Using principle component analysis, we came down to following four significant factors. Factor 1-Characteristic culture: Hospitality, connectivity and adventure Factor 2-Costliness: Value for money (positive correlation), Events, proximity Factor 3-Climatic conditions: Weather, relaxation Factor 4-Historical significance: Historical Importance, Negatively related with Value for money Component Score Coefficient Matrx Compoent 1 2 3 4 Shopping 0.212 0.246 -0.039 0.241 Historical_Importance 0.015 -0.002 -0.033 0.656 Weather -0.208 -0.024 0.578 0.267 Hospitality 0.343 0.033 0.145 -0.022 Relaxation 0.079 -0.128 0.582 -0.18 Connectivity 0.335 0.053 -0.081 -0.086 Events 0.098 0.406 -0.166 0.021 Adventure -0.389 0.231 0.184 -0.187 Proximity -0.174 0.354 -0.108 0.143 Value_for_money 0.011 0.323 0.163 -0.351 For further segmentation, we used Cluster analysis on the set of data collected by the online questionnaire. The cluster variables were based on the demographics like income, age, employment status. Using Hierarchical clustering and between group linkage procedure, we looked at the coefficients in the agglomeration schedule and the dendogram to reach a cluster of size 2 and 3. Next we also looked at the frequency distributions in order to decide if the clusters are large enough. Finally, we arrived at 2 clusters. Cluster 1 Values Implication Mean employment 2.583 Post graduate and employee people Mean geographical location 1.655 North and South Indians Mean Marital status 1 single Age group 1.172 18-25 years Income 2.414 between 5-10 lacs Cluster 2 Values Implication Mean employment 2.571 No differentiation Mean geographical location 3.428 West and East Indians Mean Marital status 1.428 married and single Age group 1.571 18-25 years Income 2.143 between 5-10 lacs Analysis of the competition with other states: We considered the major tourist hotspots in India like Goa, Andaman Nicobar, Rajasthan, Himachal Pradesh and the North-East to form an idea about the attributes that differentiate them. Using Multidimensional scaling we obtained the perceptual mapping of the states in terms of 4 different dimensions in two plots. As we can see from the above plot, Kerala has a distinct image If we look at crowd, Kerala and Goa are pretty similar. They pull decent number of similar kind of crowds to their destinations. Other attributes: Cost and connectivity, Andaman Nicobar and Lakhswadeep are different from Kerala in these two aspects. The plot below shows the Euclidean distance as observed from the dissimilarity matrix. The second MDS process was run to compare on other attributes like beaches, hillstations, and other location characteristics. The chart is shown in the following plot. Results- à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ It was found that Kerala differs in historical significance from Rajasthan à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ In terms of scenic beauty Kerala is high up against Goa and the North-East Conclusion- Most people view Kerala to be a place of scenic beauty constituted by the Backwaters, beaches and Hills. From the above analysis, we can say that Kerala has a distinct competitive edge over other states and should capitalize on it by promoting its strengths. Kerala should look into the specific segments and target the young and fresh in jobs people. Media for Kerala: The awareness about Kerala was high and Internet and friends were the highest contributors. The plot below shows the results of the research (questionnaire). Internet and word-of-mouth spread of news constitute over half of the publicity Kerala receives. Recommendations Based on the findings we suggest the following communication strategy: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ More Media campaign should be there to highlight Keralas distinct image. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Internet should be used a powerful Communication channels à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ More focus should be on the North and South urban centers. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Leverage on existing customers to get new ones

Choice and Free Will Essay -- Psychology

â€Å"Free will† is the power of acting without the constraint of necessity or fate. Free will has long been debated by scholars, philosophers, and psychologists. It is a subject that has been argued, theorized, and predicted to the extent of human ability, but recent data has been brought up by two psychologists named Shirley Matile Ogletree and Crystal D. Oberle. These two psychologists assess surveys given to college level students to evaluate the â€Å"common† or â€Å"plain† perspective of free will. They also bring up the questions like â€Å"Is free will compatible with determinism?,† â€Å"What is meant by free will and determinism by the average person?,† and â€Å"Does it make a difference what attitudes people have regarding free will and determinism?† Free will and deterministic perspectives are exceedingly argumentative points of view with hard deterministic views describing free will as non existent, and libertarian views d escribing free will as freely chosen actions being done by an autonomic organism, which led me to believe that both agents are apart of everyday choices with the free will perspective being a more logical and acceptable way of assessing human behavior. Ogletree and Oberle describe hard determinism â€Å"as completely caused by a combination of genetics, past experiences, and current circumstance, also clearly supports the incompatibility of determinism and free will—free will simply doesn’t exist.† This perspective is the most extreme of all deterministic views. It is a view that the authors of my source perceive as the explanation of human behavior. Although, there are other deterministic views held by others that do not take this extreme position. Soft determinism can be explained as humans being exhibited to both det... ...etic base pair of the possible three billion differences, the one different nucleic acid, the one different protein, and all the way down to the non living particles of which we were created from. It is this difference in each one of us that stems choice. The presence of choice is considered, to me, as free will. When fate lends its hand out to us with another option, fate, itself, is offering us choice, but is the choice we make already chosen for us? Works Cited Oberle, Crystal and Ogletree, Shirley . â€Å"The Nature, Common Usage, And Implications Of Free Will And Determinism.† Behavior and Philosophy. 1 December 2008. 1 December 2010. Coon, Dennis and Mitterer, John. â€Å"Psychology: A Journey.† Printed in the United States. 2010

Marriage Under 18 Years Old

â€Å"She may do nothing against God’s will, but many things she must against her own will if her husband require her. † Population council said more than 51 million girls younger than 18 are already married in 2003. In the world teenagers are making a family when they are so young. God created and created family to feel happiness, rest and peace. Marriage was not men idea, only God’s idea. So God thought â€Å"To provide a helpful mate for Adam, it was not good that man should be alone. † Marriage is a very blessing by God to men. But many people don’t worry about importance of marriage. May be some of these couple will have difficulties. But some people strongly agree that teenagers are able to marriage by their decisions. God always gave people choice about marriage. In the world teenagers became immoral. They get much information which they don’t need from TV, internet, friends and many things. People usually learn and practice that information. Teens are usually not prepared for marriage, spiritually, mentally and physically. Maybe only handful can be. Before marriage especially man must be grown enough by his spiritual life more than physically. God created man to lead his family, not woman. So man must be responsible with everything. Some man became adult but he is baby by his spiritual life. This guy never can be good husband. Because the marriage is not only sex or playing a game. In other word teenagers are young and if they are not prepared for spiritual they will have so many difficulties. In real life many teenagers are not outgrown and irresponsible. So if they are married at time they must continuing school it would be barrier for them. Therefore early married is reason of problems will come one by one because of they couldn’t get education. For instance: The biggest problem is exactly going to face with financial problems. Especially in Mongolia, it is not easy to get good job with high salaries if they are not educated. Young couple’s one of the most important problem is children. One of ways for the young couples to overcome their financial difficulties is that they both have well jobs and that they participate in making the family budget. In case, at that time they have a child that would be hard for them. So men’s obligation will grow. Women needs care more than before when they are being at gestation. If they are face with unwanted pregnancy, all of the young couples decide to do abortion or adopt their children. Reasons for divorce are formed because they didn’t learn how to deal with different problems. Their tension problems get to divorce with bad results. For example: Children orphan hood, couples hurt, wasting times, using drugs and alcohols etc. After that they will remarried with someone and divorce again. That will make them unhappy, unfaithful feelings and they begin to refuse themselves. Even though younger couples surely face with many problems, there are advantages. For example: When younger couples got adult age their children will be grown already. It makes them spend royalty times rest of their life. So they took already big experiences from life and passed away worries. Teen couples probably figure that because they feel like they are in love, they should take that extra step. In my opinion parents have to be responsible for their children when they are teenager. Because if children will make one mistake in the future result may be not a good. When I will be father if my son or daughter is ready to marriage I could agree him or she. But they have to be older than twenty. Under eighteen years old means they are still in authority of their parents. They should imitate their parents about how they understand, support, love, care of each other. If they could learn from their parents they might be well. Finally teenagers must to prepare for their future by their spiritual life, education, mental and physically.

Psittacosaurus - Facts and Figures

Psittacosaurus - Facts and Figures Name: Psittacosaurus (Greek for parrot lizard); pronounced sih-TACK-oh-SORE-us Habitat: Scrublands and deserts of Asia Historical Period: Early to middle Cretaceous (120 to 100 million years ago) Size and Weight: About 3 to 6 feet long and 50 to 175 pounds, depending on species Diet: Plants Distinguishing Characteristics: Short, blunt head with curved beak; small horns on cheeks About Psittacosaurus As you may have guessed from its name, Greek for parrot lizard, what set Psittacosaurus apart from other dinosaurs of the Cretaceous period was its distinctly un-dinosaur-like head. This plant-eaters curved beak made it somewhat reminiscent of a parrot, but otherwise, its squat noggin was distinctly tortoise-like. (One shouldnt draw too much from this analogy; Psittacosaurus, and other ornithischian dinosaurs like it, werent directly ancestral to modern birds, an honor that belongs to saurischian dinosaurs.) Although its often depicted in a four-legged posture, paleontologists believe some species of Psittacosaurus (there are at least 10 currently named) walked or ran on two legs. (A new study concludes that this dinosaur scuttled around on four legs as a juvenile, then assumed a bipedal posture thanks to a growth spurt in its hind legs.) Psittacosaurus seems to have led a relatively quiet life, although the horns on its faceprobably a sexually selected characteristicindicate that the males may have engaged in combat with each other for the right to mate with females. Theres also solid evidence that Psittacosaurus cared for its young after they hatched, like the distantly related duck-billed dinosaurs Maiasaura and Hypacrosaurus. By the way, you wouldnt know it from its small, unprepossessing appearance (six feet from head to tail and 200 pounds, max, for the largest species), but Psittacosaurus is classified as a ceratopsianthe family of horned, frilled dinosaurs the most famous members of which were the much later Triceratops, Protoceratops, and Styracosaurus. In fact, Psittacosaurus was one of the most basal ceratopsians, predated only by the late Jurassic Chaoyangsaurus and itself a close cousin to a bewildering array of proto-ceratopsian genera, including Yinlong and Leptoceratops.

Combating Compassion Fatigue Essays

Combating Compassion Fatigue Essays Combating Compassion Fatigue Paper Combating Compassion Fatigue Paper Compassion is an essential attribute that nurses must posses in order to provide appropriate care to the patients and families they come in contact with. Nurses work many long shifts taking care of sick patients and grieving families, and may not take the time to care for their physical, emotional and spiritual needs properly. After a while, the long hours and stress may catch up with them and cause compassion fatigue or even burnout. Nurses must learn to care for themselves first and foremost in order to be healthy, happy and spiritually sound, and this in turns allows them to provide great care to their patients as well as their own family. The purpose of this paper is to identify the warning signs of compassion fatigue, explain the physical, emotional and spiritual needs of the caregiver and share examples of coping strategies and resources for nurses. Compassion fatigue â€Å"is characterized by deep physical and emotional exhaustion and a pronounced change in the helper’s ability to feel empathy for their patients, their loved ones and their co-workers†(Mathieu, 2007). When a nurse experiences this type of fatigue, it is important to be aware of what is happening because their current state must be addressed and dealt with in order to prevent further complications. Compassion fatigue â€Å"is marked by increased cynicism at work, a loss of enjoyment of our career, and eventually can transform into depression, secondary traumatic stress and stress-related illnesses†(Mathieu, 2007). The Cleveland Clinic (2009) states that â€Å"caregiver burnout is a state of physical, emotional, and mental exhaustion that may be accompanied by a change in attitude from positive and caring to negative and unconcerned. † Burnout happens when a nurse focuses to much on meeting the demands of the job and less on taking care of the physical, emotional and spiritual needs of oneself. Caregiver burnout not only happens to nurses and health care provides, but to family members that are taking care of a loved one as well. Warning Signs of Compassion Fatigue There are a number of warning signs for compassion fatigue, but each person will develop different signs unique to their situation. Some of the signs include exhaustion, reduced ability to feel sympathy and empathy, dread of working with certain patients, diminished sense of enjoyment of nursing, and difficulty of separating work life from personal life. When a caregiver experiences compassion fatigue, they typically will go through five stages including the idealistic phase, the irritability phase, the withdraw phase, the zombie phase and the pathology and victimization or maturation and renewal. Each phase has unique characteristics that the caregiver will exhibit. The characteristics of the first phase or the idealistic phase is normal and how a caregiver should feel including being motivated and ready to solve problems, a desire to make a difference, volunteer to assist and full of energy and enthusiasm. The second phase or the irritability phase begins when the caregiver starts to cut corners, avoid patients, being to disregard their own wellness, lose focus and start distancing themselves from friends and family. The withdraw phase is the third phase and this begins when the nurse starts to lose patience with the patient, neglects oneself and others, has chronic fatigue and views them self as the victim. The next phase is the zombie phase which is characterized by being easily angry, dislike of others, loss of sense of humor and personality and seeing others as incompetent. The last phase can be when the caregiver either chooses pathology and victimization or maturation and renewal. Either the nurse becomes to overwhelmed to deal with the situation and decides to change profession or develops a physical illness or the caregiver takes time to seek help and take care of the issue at hand and continues providing care for others. Needs of the Caregiver Nursing and other caregivers must understand the importance of taking care of themselves physically, emotionally and spiritually. Providing the best care to patients includes taking care of oneself. Physical health includes a healthy diet, exercise and getting enough rest and relaxation. Without these three crucial things â€Å"the body rebels with decreased immunity to common illnesses† (GCU, 2011). No only does the health care provider need to preserve good physical health, but â€Å"it is about being present with one’s feelings, sensations and intuitive guidance in order to detect what is best in any given moment† (Portnoy, 2011). Emotional health is an individuals over all well being and how a persons feels about them self. Emotionally healthy individuals are able to manage their feeling easily, balance work and home life and feel a sense of satisfaction. â€Å"People with good emotional health have an ability to bounce back from adversity, trauma, and stress†(Smith, Segal Segal, 2013), this is called resilience. Each person is different and may require different methods of dealing with emotional stress, the important thing is to establish the method that works for the individual and maintain that in order to restore emotional health. Being spiritually healthy is highly relevant to the wellness of a health care provider because this gives them meaning to life and what they do. â€Å"Just as the physical body needs rest, recuperation, and healthy nutrition, the soul need time for spiritual restoration, encouragement, and faith-building†(GCU, 2011). Spirituality may consist of praying, reading the bible or attending church, and will vary with each individual, but whats most important is to remain spiritually sound in order to cope with daily stresses and provide care with compassion and consideration. Coping Strategies The best way to cope with compassion fatigue is to prevent it by knowing the warning signs, but there are also coping strategies that can effectively help health care providers overcome it. Recognizing and acknowledging the sign and symptoms is the first step in conquering compassion fatigue. Next the symptoms need to be addressed so that the person can understand them and why it is happening. There may also be internal conflict that needs to be evaluated. Finding some sort of support to help the individual through this time and being able to talk about what their needs are can help with overcoming the fatigue. If this does not help the person cope with the situation at hand, professional help may need to be considered to treat their compassion fatigue. Again, this is where physical, emotional and spiritual health are very important. Being physically, emotionally and spiritually intact will contribute to an easier recovery or possibly avoidance of compassion fatigue and even burnout. Knowing the resources that are available to nurses and health care providers for compassion fatigue is key to helping them restore themselves. Health care facilities should provide some type of programs that focus on fighting compassion fatigue and burnout. There are many online resources such as www. myselfcare. org that provides articles and quizzes that discuss fatigue and burnout. If an individual is suffering from compassion fatigue and having a hard time coping they may need to be seen by a doctor to address the severity and need for further counseling. In conclusion, the most important job a nurse has is to take care of themselves mentally, physically and spiritually in order to provide the best care to the patients and families they take care of. A health care worker should be aware of the warning signs of compassion fatigue in order to circumvent the problems that it triggers. Health care providers need to remember that without being healthy in all aspects of their mind, body and soul, they cannot provide the best care for the patients as well as their own family.